石油资源分布

　　石油是存在于地下的一种液态、气态或固态的复杂烃类化合物,主要是烷烃,也有苯环烃和环烷.石油的成分随地区而异,一般含碳84%、氢11%-14%；另外含少量氧、氮和硫等；灰分含量低,约0.05%.石油是由古地质年代有机物质（主要是单细胞植物,如蓝-绿海藻类；单细胞动物,如有孔虫类）沉积后,经过长期物理、化学变化而生成.

　　根据1993年全国油气资源评价,中国陆上和沿海大陆架沉积盆地总面积约550万km2,石油总资源量940亿t.中国石油资源以陆相油藏为主,含油气盆地分为3个基本类型：东部拉张型盆地、中部过渡型盆地、西部挤压型盆地.全国分为6个含油气区：东部,主要包括东北和华北地区；中部,主要包括陕、甘、宁和四川地区；西部,主要包括新疆、青海和甘肃西部地区；南部,包括苏、浙、皖、闽、粤、湘、赣、滇、黔、桂10省区；西藏区,包括昆仑山脉以南,横断山脉以西的地区；海上含油气区,包括东南沿海大陆架及南海海域.中国石油资源的勘探程度还很低,勘探领域主要是陆相地层.

　　据美国《油气杂志》的资料,1996年底中国石油探明储量约32.87亿t,居世界第九位.中国石油探明储量随石油地质勘探工作的发展而增加.1949年石油地质储量为0.29亿t,产量为12万t；1959年9月发现大庆油田,1961年石油地质储量达到26亿t；1978年中国石油产量突破1亿t,地质储量达到68.1亿t；1985年石油产量为1.249亿t,地质储量达到116亿t.1990年中国石油产量为1.383亿t,居世界第5位.

　　Distributionofoilresources

　　Oilisfoundinthegroundfloorofaliquid,solidorgaseouscomplexhydrocarboncompounds,primarilyalkanes,butalsohydrocarbonsandbenzeneringn-ring.Withoilintheingredientswillvary,generally84percentofcarbon,hydrogen11%-14%whilecontainingasmallamountofoxygen,nitrogenandsulfur;lowashcontent,about0.05percent.Oilisfromtheageoftheancientorganicmaterials(mainlysingle-celledplants,suchasblue-greenseaweed;single-cellanimals,suchasforaminifera)deposition,afteralong-termphysicalandchemicalchangesinproduction.

　　Accordingtothe1993NationalAssessmentofoilandgasresources,China'sland-basedcontinentalshelfandcoastalsedimentarybasintotalareaofabout5.5millionkm2,totaloilresourcesof94billiont.China'soilresourcestothemainterrestrialreservoirs,oilandgasbasinsdividedintothreebasictypes:extensionoftheeasternbasin,thetransitionofthecentralbasin,thewesternbasinssqueeze.NationalPetroleumdividedintosixareas:theeastern,includingtheNortheastandNorthChina;Central,includingShaanxi,Gansu,SichuanandNanjingarea;west,includingXinjiang,Qinghai,Gansuandwesternregions;south,includingtheSovietUnion,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Jiangxi,Yunnan,GuizhouandGuangxi10provinces,autonomousregions,Tibet,includingthesouthoftheKunlunMountains,westoftheHengduanMountainsregion;seaoilandgas,includingthesoutheastcoastandtheSouthChinaSeacontinentalshelf.China'soilresourcesisalsoverylowlevelofprospecting,explorationismainlycontinentalstrata.

　　AccordingtotheU.S."OilandGasJournal",theendof1996China'soilprovenreservesofabout3.287billiont,ninthintheworld.China'sprovenoilreservesofpetroleumgeologicalprospectingworkwiththedevelopmentoftheincrease.1949geologicaloilreservesof029milliont,productionof120,000t;1959年9月foundinDaqingOilfield,1961geologicaloilreservesof2.6billiont;1978oilproductioninChinaexceed100milliont,geologicalreservesreached6.81billiont;1985oilproductionto124.9milliont,geologicalreservesreached11.6billiont.1990China'soiloutputwas138.3milliont,theworldNo.5.