英文版英美政治制度的比较-查字典问答网
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  英文版英美政治制度的比较

  英文版英美政治制度的比较

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2019-04-14 10:58
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刘纪远

  Elsewhereonthiswebsite,IhaveoutlinedtheAmericanpoliticalsystemandtheBritishpoliticalsystem.Assomeonewhoisintenselyinterestedinpoliticsgenerally,andBritishandAmericanpoliticsmostespecially,IamfascinatedbysomeofthedifferencesbetweenthepoliticalscenesonthetwosidesoftheAtlantic.Inevitably,I'moversimplifyingsomewhat,butthefollowingdifferencesstrikemeasinstructive:

  1.Perhapsthemostfundamentaldifferenceistheconstitution-orthelackofone.TheUnitedStateshasawrittenconstitutionwhichisverydifficulttochange.TheUKdoesnothaveasingledocumentcalledtheconstitutionbutinsteaditsconstitutionalprovisionsarescatteredovervariousActsofParliament,anyofwhichcanbechangedbyasimplemajorityintheParliament.

  2.IntheUnitedStates,theflagholdsspecialplaceinthepoliticalheartofthenationandpeoplesingtoit.InBritaintheflagisrarelyprominentatpoliticalevents.

  3.IntheUSA,bluesignifiesstatesheldbytheDemocraticParty,themoreleft-wing.IntheUK,blueidentifiestheConservativeParty,themoreright-wing.

  4.IntheUSA,redsignifiesstatesheldbytheRepublicanParty,themoreright-wing.IntheUK,redidentifiestheLabourParty,themoreleft-wing.

  5.IntheUnitedStates,theDemocraticandRepublicanPartiesabsolutelydominatefederalandstateelectionswithindependentssecuringonlysmallproportionsofthevote.IntheUnitedKingdom,thetwomainpoliticalparties-ConservativeandLabour-winasmalleranddecliningshareofthetotalvote,withagrowingsharebeingtakenbythelikesoftheLiberalPartyandtheUKIndependencePartyatnationallevelandbythelikesoftheScottishandWelshNationalistPartiesatthedevolvedlevel.

  6.InAmerica,theterm'conservative'meansreallyright-wing,especiallyonsocialissues.InBritainthename'Conservative'meansmainstreamright-wing,especiallyoneconomicissues.

  7.InAmerica,theterm'liberal'generallymeansquiteleft-wing.InBritain,thename'Liberal'meansbroadlycentrist.

  8.IntheStates,itisconsiderednecessaryforapoliticiantoemphasizetheirpatriotism.InBritain,itisassumedthatanyonewhowantstorunfornationalofficecaresforhisorhercountry.

  9.IntheStates,virtuallyeverypoliticalspeechseemstomentionGod,especiallyinthefinalcall"GodblessAmerica".InBritain,nopoliticianmentionsGodandnonewouldthinkofinvitingHimtoshowaspecialpreferenceforhisorhernationstate.

  10.IntheUS,politiciansfrequentlyrefertotheirpositiononsocialissueslikeabortionandhomosexuality.ABritishpoliticianwouldthinkitunnecessaryandinappropriatetotalkaboutsuchissuesunlessasked.

  11.IntheUS,politiciansconstantlytalkabouttheproblemsandtheaspirationsofthemiddleclass.IntheUK,politicianstendtotalkmoreontheneedsoftheworkingclass.

  12.SomanypoliticalspeechesintheUSincludethephrase"myfellowAmericans".InBritishpoliticalterminology,thereissimplynoequivalentphrase.

  13.FewAmericanpoliticalspeechesmakemuchuseoffactsandfigures.ManyBritishpoliticalspeechesusefigurestohighlightproblemsandmakecomparisonswiththepoliciesortheperformanceofone'sopponents.

  14.TheAmericangeneralelectioneffectivelylastsalmosttwoyear

2019-04-14 11:02:05

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