【求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍其内容要设及英国的君主立宪制,英国的私法,立法,和行政】
求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍
其内容要设及英国的君主立宪制,英国的私法,立法,和行政
【求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍其内容要设及英国的君主立宪制,英国的私法,立法,和行政】
求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍
其内容要设及英国的君主立宪制,英国的私法,立法,和行政
TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland[13](commonlyknownastheUnitedKingdom,theUK,orBritain)[14]isasovereignstatelocatedoffthenorthwesterncoastofcontinentalEurope.Itisanislandcountry,[15][16]spanninganarchipelagoincludingGreatBritain,thenortheasternpartofIreland,andmanysmallislands.NorthernIrelandistheonlypartoftheUKwithalandborder,sharingitwiththeRepublicofIreland.[17][18]Apartfromthislandborder,theUKissurroundedbytheAtlanticOcean,theNorthSea,theEnglishChannelandtheIrishSea.Thelargestisland,GreatBritain,islinkedtoFrancebytheChannelTunnel.
TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchyandunitarystateconsistingoffourcountries:England,NorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales.[19]ItisgovernedbyaparliamentarysystemwithitsseatofgovernmentinLondon,thecapital,butwiththreedevolvednationaladministrationsinBelfast,CardiffandEdinburgh,thecapitalsofNorthernIreland,WalesandScotlandrespectively.TheChannelIslandbailiwicksofJerseyandGuernsey,andtheIsleofManareCrownDependenciesandnotpartoftheUK.[20]TheUKhasfourteenoverseasterritories,[21]allremnantsoftheBritishEmpire,whichatitsheightin1922encompassedalmostaquarteroftheworld'slandsurface,thelargestempireinhistory.Britishinfluencecancontinuetobeobservedinthelanguage,cultureandlegalsystemsofmanyofitsformercolonies.
TheUKisadevelopedcountry,withtheworld'ssixthlargesteconomybynominalGDPandtheseventhlargestbypurchasingpowerparity.[8]Itwastheworld'sfirstindustrialisedcountry[22]andtheworld'sforemostpowerduringthe19thandearly20thcenturies,[23]buttheeconomiccostoftwoworldwarsandthedeclineofitsempireinthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturydiminisheditsleadingroleinglobalaffairs.TheUKneverthelessremainsamajorpowerwithstrongeconomic,cultural,militaryandpoliticalinfluence.Itisanuclearpowerandhasthefourthhighestdefencespendingintheworld.ItisaMemberStateoftheEuropeanUnion,holdsapermanentseatontheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil,andisamemberoftheCommonwealthofNations,G8,OECD,NATO,andtheWorldTradeOrganization
TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy:QueenElizabethIIisheadofstateoftheUKaswellasoffifteenotherCommonwealthcountries,puttingtheUKinapersonalunionwiththoseotherstates.TheCrownhassovereigntyovertheCrownDependenciesoftheIsleofManandtheBailiwicksofJerseyandGuernsey,whicharenotpartoftheUnitedKingdomthoughtheUKgovernmentmanagestheirforeignaffairsanddefenceandtheUKParliamenthastheauthoritytolegislateontheirbehalf.
SincetheUnitedKingdomisoneofthethreecountriesintheworldtodaythatdoesnothaveacodifiedconstitution,[37]theConstitutionoftheUnitedKingdomconsistsmostlyofwrittensources,includingstatutes,judgemadecaselaw,andinternationaltreaties.Asthereisnotechnicaldifferencebetweenordinarystatutesand"constitutionallaw,"theUKParliamentcanperform"constitutionalreform"simplybypassingActsofParliamentandthushasthepowertochangeorabolishalmostanywrittenorunwrittenelementoftheconstitution.However,noParliamentcanpasslawsthatfutureParliamentscannotchange.[38]
TheUKhasaparliamentarygovernmentbasedontheWestminstersy