陈述句与疑问句由直接引语变间接引语的方法

　　1.直接引语为陈述句时如何变为间接引语的方法

　　将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后也可省略).如：Hesaid,“Iwanttobuyadictionary.”→Hesaid(that)hewantedtobuyadictionary.注：(1)若引述动词用的是saytosb这样的句型,则通常改为tellsb：：“Ihopeyoucancome,”hesaidtome.→HetoldmethathehopedIcouldgo.(2)若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句,要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that：Hesaid,“IamtiredandIwanttohavearest.”→Hesaidthathewastiredandthathewantedtohavearest.在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that在此种情况下,引导第一个有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解.

　　2.直接引语为一般疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法

　　将直接引语变为由if或whetherif引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：“Haveyoubeenthere?”heasked.→HeaskedifIhadbeenthere.注：(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序.(2)若直接引语的引述动词为say,改成间接引语应将其改为asksay等：“Doyoulikeit?”hesaid.→Heaskedif[whether]Ilikedit.

　　3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法

　　将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：Hesaid,“Jim,whenisthenexttrain?”→HeaskedJimwhenthenexttrainwas.注：(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序.(2)若直接引语的引述动词为mesNewRoman'">(2),改成间接引语应将其改为ask等：Hesaid,“Whereisthestation?”

　　→Heaskedwherethestationwas.”

　　4.直接引语变间接引语的五点变化

　　(1)时态的变化.直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即：一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时变为过去完成时(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语时,可以不变),情态动词can,may等分别变为could,might等.如：“Itwillrainsoon,”hesaid.→Hesaidthatitwouldrainthatnight.“Shecan→Hesaidthatitwouldrainthatnight.→HesaidthatshecouldspeakFrench.注：①若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变.如：Theteachersaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.②有时直接引语有特定的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时时态可不变.如：Hesaid,“Mysonwasbornin1995.”→Hesaidthathissonwasbornin1995.(2)时间状语的变化.直接引语变间接引语时,有些时间状语也要相应的改动：

　　now现在then那时,当时

　　today今天thatday那天

　　tonight今晚thatnight那天晚上

　　thisweek(month,year)本周(本月,今年)thatweek(month,year)上周(上个月,去年)

　　yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天

　　thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore前两天

　　lastweek(month,year)上周(上个月,去年)theweek(month,year)before前一周(前一个月,前一年)(twodays(years)ago两天(年)前twodays(years)before两天前

　　tomorrow明天thenextday第二天

　　nextweek(month,year)下周(下个月,明年)thenextweek(month,year)第二个星期(月,年)

　　Hesaid,“Sheleftyesterday.”→Hesaidthatshehadleftthedaybefore.Shesaid,“I’lltellyoutomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldtellmethenextday.Hesaid,“Ithappenedtwodaysago.”→Hesaidthatithadhappenedtwodaysbefore.注：以上变化有时应视情况而定,若在当时转述,now不必改为then；若在当天转述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等不必改为thatday,thedaybefore,thenextday等；若在当周转述,thisweek,lastweek不必改为thatweek,thelastweek；若在当年转述,thisyear,lastyear不必改为thatyear,thelastyear等.(3)

　　代词的变化.在直接引语变为间接引语时,有些代词也要作相应的变化,如指示代词this和these通常变为that和those.有时人称代词也要根据情况作适当调整.如：

　　“Ilikethesebetterthanshedoes,”hesaidtome.→Hetoldmethathelikedthosebetterthanshedid.注：若场所和地点不发生改变,this和that也可不变.(4)地点状语的变化.主要涉及的地点状语是here,它在间接引语中通常要变为there：：“Iliveherenow,”hesaid.→Hesaidthathelivedtherethen.【注】若在当地转述,则here也可不改为there.(5)动词的变化.直接引语变为间接引语时,有个别动词也可能需要改变,如come直接引语变为间接引语时,有个别动词也可能需要改变,如改为go,bring改为take等：“Hewillcomeheretoday,”shesaid.→Shesaidthathewouldgotherethatday.注：若地点和场所未发生改变,come和bring等也可不变.