LeoTolstoywasbornin1828inRussia.Manypeoplethinkthatheisthegreatest19thcenturyRussianwriter.HismostfamousworksareWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaandhealsowrotemanyshorterworks.WecanwatchthetwofilmsWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaonTV.TolstoybelievedinGod,andhelovedpeaceverymuch.Thebadsocietymadehimveryunhappy,sohewantedtodosomethingtochangeditbuthefailed.Heoftengavepoorpeoplehelp.In1910helefttheworld.Nowreadersallovertheworldliketoreadhisgreatbooksverymuch.

　　列夫托尔斯泰1928年生于俄罗斯.许多人认为他是19世纪最伟大的俄罗斯作家.他最著名的作品是《战争与和平》和《安娜卡列尼娜》.此外他还写了不少短篇小说.现在我们可以通过电视收看《战争与和平》和《安娜卡列尼娜》改编的电视剧.托尔斯泰信仰上帝,十分热爱和平.但是腐败的社会使他相当不得志,所以他期望改变一些事,结果失败了.他经常给于穷人一些帮助.1910年,他离开了人世.现在全世界读者都十分喜欢他的作品.

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　　BritannicaConciseEncyclopedia:LeoTolstoy

　　LeoTolstoy.

　　Russianwriter,oneoftheworld'sgreatestnovelists.Thescionofprominentaristocrats,TolstoyspentmuchofhislifeathisfamilyestateofYasnayaPolyana.Afterasomewhatdissoluteyouth,heservedinthearmyandtraveledinEuropebeforereturninghomeandstartingaschoolforpeasantchildren.HewasalreadyknownasabrilliantwriterfortheshortstoriesinSevastopolSketches(1855–56)andthenovelTheCossacks(1863)whenWarandPeace(1865–69)establishedhimasRussia'spreeminentnovelist.SetduringtheNapoleonicWars,thenovelexaminesthelivesofalargegroupofcharacters,centringonthepartlyautobiographicalfigureofthespirituallyquestingPierre.Itsstructure,withitsflawlessplacementofcomplexcharactersinaturbulenthistoricalsetting,isregardedasoneofthegreattechnicalachievementsinthehistoryoftheWesternnovel.Hisothergreatnovel,AnnaKarenina(1875–77),concernsanaristocraticwomanwhodesertsherhusbandforaloverandthesearchformeaningbyanotherautobiographicalcharacter,Levin.AfteritspublicationTolstoyunderwentaspiritualcrisisandturnedtoaformofChristiananarchism.Advocatingsimplicityandnonviolence,hedevotedhimselftosocialreform.HislaterworksincludeTheDeathofIvanIlich(1886),oftenconsideredthegreatestnovellainRussianliterature,andWhatIsArt?(1898),whichcondemnsfashionableaestheticismandcelebratesart'smoralandreligiousfunctions.Helivedhumblyonhisgreatestate,practicingaradicalasceticismandinconstantconflictwithhiswife.InNovember1910,unabletobearhissituationanylonger,helefthisestateincognito.Duringhisflighthecontractedpneumonia,andhewasdeadwithinafewdays.