【英语翻译请高手帮我翻译以下原文,是哈罗德·D.拉斯韦尔写的《社会传播的结构与功能》一书中的章节,书是英文版的,没发现有中译版,所以才把这个放此地,TheStructureandFunctionofCommunicationi】

　　英语翻译

　　请高手帮我翻译以下原文,是哈罗德·D.拉斯韦尔写的《社会传播的结构与功能》一书中的章节,书是英文版的,没发现有中译版,所以才把这个放此地,

　　TheStructureandFunctionofCommunicationinSociety

　　THEACTOFCOMMUNICATION

　　ACONVENIENTWAYtodescribeanactofcommunicationistoanswerthefollowingquestions:

　　Who

　　SaysWhat

　　InWhichChannel

　　ToWhom

　　WithWhatEffect

　　Thescientificstudyoftheprocessofcommunicationtendstoconcentrateupononeoranotherofthesequestions.Scholarswhostudythe“who”,thecommunicator,lookintothefactorsthatinitiateandguidetheactofcommunication.Wecallthissubdivisionofthefieldofresearchcontrolanalysis.Specialistswhofocusuponthe“sayswhat”engageincontentanalysis.Thosewholookprimarilyattheradio,press,film,andotherchannelsofcommunicationaredoingmediaanalysis.Whentheprincipalconcerniswiththepersonsreachedbythemedia,wespeakofaudienceanalysis.Ifthequestionistheimpactuponaudiences,theproblemistheimpactuponaudiences,theproblemiseffectanalysis.

　　Whethersuchdistinctionsareusefuldependsentirelyuponthedegreeofrefinementwhichisregardedasappropriatetoagivenscientificandmanagerialobjective.Oftenitissimplertocombineaudienceandeffectanalysis,forinstance,thantokeepthemapart.Ontheotherhand,wemaywanttoconcentrateontheanalysisofcontent,andforthispurposesubdividethefieldintothestudyofpurportandstyle,thefirstreferringtothemessage,andthesecondtothearrangementoftheelementsofwhichthemessageiscomposed.

　　STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION

　　Enticingasitistoworkoutthesecategoriesinmoredetail,thepresentdiscussionhasadifferentscope.Wearelessinterestedindividinguptheactofcommunicationthaninviewingtheactasawholeinrelationtotheentiresocialprocess.Anyprocesscanbeexaminedintwoframesofreference,namely,structureandfunction;andouranalysisofcommunicationwilldealwiththespecializationsthecarryoncertainfunctions,ofwhichthefollowingmaybeclearlydistinguished:(1)Thesurveillanceoftheenvironment;(2)thecorrelationofthepartsofsocietyinrespondingtotheenvironment;(3)thetransmissionofthesocialherit