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　　Waybackin1662JohnEvelynabrilliantEnglishmanknownforhisdetaileddiarieswroteaboutdisastrouseffectsofcoal-burningonthecityofLondon.Inithedescribedaninfernalsceneofsmogairfilledwith"ColumnsandCloudsof

　　Waybackin1662JohnEvelynabrilliantEnglishmanknownforhisdetaileddiarieswroteaboutdisastrouseffectsofcoal-burningonthecityofLondon.Inithedescribedaninfernalsceneofsmogairfilledwith"ColumnsandCloudsofSmoke"givenoutbysmallindustriesandresidencesthatburnedcoalforfuel.

　　Ifoundthedescriptioninthe2003bookWhenSmokeRanlikeWaterby

　　epidemiologist(流行病学家)andenvironmentaladvocator(倡导者)DevraDavis.InitDavislooksbackatseveralhistoricpollutioneventsandtheirdisastrouseffectsonhumanhealth―andathowthesephenomenawereoftenignoredorevenactive?lycoveredupbypeopleinchargeatthattime.

　　AsDavispointsoutJohnEvelynwasaheadofhistimewhenwritingabouthowLondon'spollutedairaf?fectedthewell-beingofitsresidents.Itwasn'tuntilnearly300yearslaterafterwhatbecamewell-knownastheGreatSmogof1952thatthegovernmentbegantoaddresstheprobleminasystematicway.

　　ForfourdaysbetweenDecember5thand9thduetoalltheaccidentsoftheweatherpatternthecitywasburiedinaheavyfog.Peoplewerestillburningcoalforfuelandlow-gradecoalatthattimebecauseofwartimecondition.Atemperatureinversion(转向)trappedthesmokefromthecity'sfirescreatingablackcloudinwhichpeoplecouldbarelyfindtheirwaydownthemostfamiliarstreets.Sometriedtoprotectthemselvesbutmostpeoplesimplywentabouttheirbusiness.

　　But1952'sfogwasfarworsethananyotherinmemory.Inthesameweekofthepreviousyear1852peoplehaddiedinLondon;in1952thatnumberwas4703.Andthedeathsdidn'tstopwhentheweatherchangedandthefoglifted.Davisandhercolleaguesan?alyzeddatafromthenextseveralmonthsandfoundthatabout13000morepeoplediedbetweenDecemberandMarchthanonewouldhavepredictedfromhistoricalav?erages.Manyofthemdiedofpneumonia(肺炎).Thegovernmentshewritestriedtoblameabadfluseason.Herdetailedanalysisfoundthatexplanationsimplydidnotpanout.

　　Daviswritesthateventodayinthiscountrywestillhavenotcompletelyabsorbedthelessonsofsimilarevents.ThekillerfoghasliftedinLondonforsixty-yearsandpeoplearedying

　　preventabledeathsandsuf?feringlifechangingillnessessimplybecausetheymustbreat

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2020-09-09 09:46

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林春梅

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论

　　了空气污染给人们的健康带来危害的问题。

　　A写作意图题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可推知，本文通过摆事实讲道理，主要警示人们关注空气污染的危害，故选A项。

　　D词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句"…wroteaboutdis?astrouseffectsofcoal-burningonthecityofLondon."可知，此处infernal与disastrous呼应，由此可推知infernal和annoying意思相近，故选D项。

　　C推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句"…andathowthesephenomenawereoftenignoredorevenactivelycoveredupbypeopleinchargeatthattime，'并结合第三段最后一句"Itwasn'tuntilnearly300yearslaterafterwhatbecamewell-knownastheGreatSmogof1952thatthegovernmentbegantoaddresstheprobleminasystematicway.，，可推知，1952年伦敦大雾是由于政府长期忽略烟雾问题等而引起的，故选C项。-

　　B观点态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句"…peoplearedyingpreventabledeathsandsufferinglifechangingillnessessimplybecausetheymustbreathetheairofthecitieswheretheylive."并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，作者认为伦敦现在的空气质量令人担忧，故选B项。

2020-09-09 09:47:08

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