ErnestHemingway

　　1.生平简介

　　1899-1961,Americannovelistandshort-storywriter,b.OakPark,Ill.oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcent.

　　Thesonofacountrydoctor,HemingwayworkedasareporterfortheKansasCityStaraftergraduatingfromhighschoolin1917.

　　DuringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisasacorrespondentfortheTorontoStar,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriateliteraryandartisticcirclesurroundingGertrudeStein.

　　DuringtheSpanishCivilWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside.HefoughtinWorldWarIIandthensettledinCubain1945.In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.

　　AfterhisexpulsionfromCubabytheCastroregime,hemovedtoIdaho.Hewasincreasinglyplaguedbyillhealthandmentalproblems,andinJuly,1961,hecommittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.

　　2.作品简介

　　Hemingway'sfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives,soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters,whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terse,andoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter.

　　Hemingway'sfirstbooks,ThreeStoriesandTenPoems(1923),InOurTime(shortstories,1924),andTheTorrentsofSpring(anovel,1926),attractedattentionprimarilybecauseofhisliterarystyle.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1926),hewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthe“lostgeneration”(socalledbyGertrudeStein).Thenovelconcernsagroupofpsychologicallybruised,disillusionedexpatriateslivinginpostwarParis,whotakepsychicrefugeinsuchimmediatephysicalactivitiesaseating,drinking,traveling,brawling,andlovemaking.

　　Hisnextimportantnovel,AFarewelltoArms(1929),tellsofatragicwartimeloveaffairbetweenanambulancedriverandanEnglishnurse.HemingwayalsopublishedsuchvolumesofshortstoriesasMenwithoutWomen(1927)andWinnerTakeNothing(1933),aswellasTheFifthColumn,aplay.HisFirstForty-nineStories(1938)includessuchfamousshortstoriesas“TheKillers,”“TheUndefeated,”and“TheSnowsofKilimanjaro.”Hemingway'snonfictionworks,DeathintheAfternoon(1932),aboutbullfighting,andGreenHillsofAfrica(1935),aboutbig-gamehunting,glorifyvirility,bravery,andthevirtueofaprimalchallengetolife.

　　FromhisexperienceintheSpanishCivilWarcameHemingway'sgreatnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940),which,indetailinganincidentinthewar,arguesforhumanbrotherhood.HisnovellaTheOldManandtheSea(1952)celebratestheindomitablecourageofanagedCubanfisherman.AmongHemingway'sotherworksarethenovelsToHaveandHaveNot(1937)andAcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees(1950);healsoeditedananthologyofstories,MenatWar(1942).PosthumouspublicationsincludeAMoveableFeast(1964),amemoirofParisinthe1920s;thenovelsIslandsintheStream(1970)andTrueatFirstLight(1999),asafarisagabegunin1954andeditedbyhissonPatrick;andTheNickAdamsStories(1972),acollectionthatincludespreviouslyunpublishedpieces

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