【Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisbornthebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandhold】

　　Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisbornthebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylargewarmandsoftobjectinitsenvironmentparticularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekormhoweverthebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother"一therealmotherorthemother-substitute(母亲替代树).

　　Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological(心理的)thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlowsacouplewhoarebothpsychologistsdiscoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother-substitutes一onecoveredwithcloth4ndonemadeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperaturethelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.Howeverifthewiremodelwasheatedwhiletheclothmodelwascoolforthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother-substitutesastheirfuvorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemwcomfortableclothmother.

　　Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact(接級)comfortseemstobetheanswerandamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skinsputtingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrighteneddisturbedorannoyedittypicallyrushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesn't“rub"aswellasdoessoftcloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contactcomfort"withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceandismuchmorerewardingtothemthaniscitherwarmthormilk.

　　AccordingtotheHarlowsthebasicqualityofbaby’sloveforitsmotheristrust.Ifthebabyisputintoanunfamiliarplayroomwithoutitsmotherthebabyignoresthetoysnonutterhowinterestingtheymightbe.Itscreamsinterrorandcurlsupintoafurrylittleball.Ifitsclothmotheritnowintroducedintotheplayroomthebabyrushedtoitandholdsontoitfordearlife.Afterafewminutesofcontactcomfortitobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.itthenclimbsdownfromthemother-sub