定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?-查字典问答网
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  定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?

  定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?

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2020-10-22 06:57
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  定语从句

  定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子.

  被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.

  关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as.

  关系副词有:when,where,why,how.

  关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略.

  定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致.

  定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.

  1、关系代词引导的定语从句

  1)who,whom,that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换),

  例如:

  Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.

  3)which,that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作宾语)

  Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)

  关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:

  1)不用that的情况

  a)在引导非限定性定语从句时

  (错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

  b)介词后不能用

  Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

  c)多用who的情况

  ①关系代词在从句中做主语

  Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.

  ②先行词为those,people时

  Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.

  ③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时

  Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.

  ④在Therebe句型中

  Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.

  ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

  AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.

  ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词.

  Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.

  Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.

  2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  a)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.

  Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

  Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

  b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时,只用that.

  Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.

  c)先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..

  ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.

  d)先行词既有人,又有物时.

  Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.

  e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时,用that以避免重复.

  Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.

  f)关系代词在从句中做表语

  Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

  2、关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.

  1)when,where,why,how

  关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:

  Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

  Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

  Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?

  I’msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.

  注意:

2020-10-22 07:01:23

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