定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?
定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?
定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?
定语从句中,什么时候用that,什么时候用which?
定语从句
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子.
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as.
关系副词有:when,where,why,how.
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略.
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致.
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在从句中作主语)
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换),
例如:
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
3)which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作宾语)
Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:
1)不用that的情况
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b)介词后不能用
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
c)多用who的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.
②先行词为those,people时
Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.
③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时
Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.
④在Therebe句型中
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词.
Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.
2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时,只用that.
Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.
c)先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.
d)先行词既有人,又有物时.
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.
e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时,用that以避免重复.
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1)when,where,why,how
关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.
Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
I’msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.
注意: