这个问题你才给20啊……用英文答还是用中文答?

　　Everysciencehasitsownontology,epistemologyandconsequentlyitsownmethodologies.

　　Ontologydefinesthefundamentalcategoriesofreality.Domainontologyasdistinctfromformalontologyisrelatedtofocusofstudy.Eachresearchfieldhasitsownontology.Abiologist,whostudiesants,differentiatestheants'specificconstituentparts,actionsandcontexts.Similarlyasociologistwillhaveimplicitand/orexplicitpresuppositionsaboutcategoriesofrealitythatarefundamentalandrelatedinthehumanandsocialsystemsshe/hestudies.Whereformalontologyinquiryistosaysomethinggeneralaboutreality,domainontologysayssomethingspecificaboutdifferentareasofreality.

　　Epistemologydefineshowwecanknowandreasonthatreality.Asfordomainontology,eachresearchfieldhasitsownepistemology:Themapsappliedbythebiologiststudyingants,aretraditionallydifferentfromthemapsappliedbythesociologistinher/hisstudiesofinteractinghumans.

　　Themethodologiesofeachofthesetwoscientistshavefollowedasdifferentsystemsofinvestigativetechniqueswithintheirfocusofstudy.Thebiologistandthesociologisttraditionallyapplydifferentproceduresforaccomplishingandapproachingthephenomenatheyfocuson.Theyusedifferentscientificmethodsstudyingdifferentdomainswithdifferentepistemologyandontology.

　　这是answers上面的一个.你自己上去找找吧.