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  Inagrarian(农业的),pre-industrialEurope,"you'dwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyou'dgobacktowork,"saysKenAlbala,aprofessorofhistoryattheU

  In agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe,"you'd want to wake up early,start working with the sunrise,have a break to have the largest meal,and then you'd go back to work,"says Ken Albala,a professor of history at the University of the Pacific."Later,at 5or 6,you'd have a smaller supper."

  This comfortable cycle,in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals,gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal,eaten with the extended family."Meals are the foundation of the family,"says Carole Couniban,a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania,"so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties."

  Since industrialization,maintaining such a slowcultural metabolism has been much harder,with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.Certainly,there were benefits.Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity,including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available,making us more energetic than our ancestors.

  Yet plenty has been lost too,even in cultures that still live to eat.Take Italy.It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy,but it was also a joy to prepare and eat.Italians,says Counihan,traditionally began the day with a small meal.The big meal came at around 1p.m.In between the midday meal and a late,smaller dinner came a small snack.Today,when time zones have less and less meaning,there is little tolerance for offices'closing for lunch,and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway.So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day,the only one at which the family has a chance to get together."The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,"says Counihan.

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2019-08-07 15:03
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陈朝东

  24.B.细节理解题.根据第二段a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania,"so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties可知工业化前的欧洲家庭一起吃饭使家庭成员更接近对方;故选B.

  25.D.词义猜测题.根据第三段Since industrialization,maintaining such a slowcultural metabolism has been much harder,with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand工业化以来,维持这样一个缓慢的文化新陈代谢已经非常困难;可知意为生活的速度;故选D.

  26.B.推理判断题.根据第三段Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity,including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available,making us more energetic than our ancestors可知人们吃的食物品种丰富,营养丰富;故选B.

  27.A.细节理解题.根据第四段Italians,says Counihan,traditionally began the day with a small meal.The big meal came at around 1p.m可知意大利人喜欢做饭,也喜欢吃东西;故选A.

2019-08-07 15:08:13

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