【英语翻译1.Thegoalistomakeallprograms,equipment,andespeciallydataavailabletoanyoneonthenetworkwithoutregardtothephysicallocationoftheresourceandtheuser.2.Apacketistransmittedtoasubsetofthemachines.3.ownedandope】

　　英语翻译

　　1.Thegoalistomakeallprograms,equipment,andespeciallydataavailabletoanyoneonthenetworkwithoutregardtothephysicallocationoftheresourceandtheuser.

　　2.Apacketistransmittedtoasubsetofthemachines.

　　3.ownedandoperatedbyatelephonecompanyorInternetserviceprovider

　　4.consistsoftwodistinctcomponents:transmissionlinesandswitchingelements

　　5.switchingelementsarespecializedcomputersthatconnectthreeormoretransmissionlines.Whendataarriveonanincomingline,theswitchingelementmustchooseanoutgoinglinetoforwardthem.

　　6.Inthiscase,thepacketisreceivedateachintermediaterouterinitsentirety,storedthereuntiltherequiredoutputlineisfree,andthenforwarded.

　　7.Theentitiescomprisingthecorrespondinglayersondifferentmachinesarecalledpeers（includingprocesses,hardware,orevenhumanbeings）

　　8.Eachlayerpassesdataandcontrolinformationtothelayerimmediatelybelowit,untilthelowestlayerisreached.

　　9.Routingorrouteingistheprocessofselectingpathsinanetworkalongwhichtosendnetworktraffic.

　　10.Thelayerboundariesshouldbechosentominimizetheinformationflowacrosstheinterfaces.