【英语写的科技文（计算机类的）翻译一篇计算机类的科技文,翻译后约三千字英语版的科技文只要科技文就行不用翻译过的来个联接吧文章可以自己选的直接来文章太多人用了老师会怀疑的】
英语写的科技文（计算机类的）
翻译一篇计算机类的科技文,翻译后约三千字
英语版的科技文
只要科技文就行
不用翻译过的
来个联接吧
文章可以自己选的
直接来文章
太多人用了
老师会怀疑的
Acomputerisamachinethatmanipulatesdataaccordingtoalistofinstructions.
Thefirstdevicesthatresemblemoderncomputersdatetothemid-20thcentury(1940–1945),althoughthecomputerconceptandvariousmachinessimilartocomputersexistedearlier.Earlyelectroniccomputerswerethesizeofalargeroom,consumingasmuchpowerasseveralhundredmodernpersonalcomputers.Moderncomputersarebasedontinyintegratedcircuitsandaremillionstobillionsoftimesmorecapablewhileoccupyingafractionofthespace.Today,simplecomputersmaybemadesmallenoughtofitintoawristwatchandbepoweredfromawatchbattery.Personalcomputers,invariousforms,areiconsoftheInformationAgeandarewhatmostpeoplethinkofas"acomputer";however,themostcommonformofcomputerinusetodayistheembeddedcomputer.Embeddedcomputersaresmall,simpledevicesthatareusedtocontrolotherdevices—forexample,theymaybefoundinmachinesrangingfromfighteraircrafttoindustrialrobots,digitalcameras,andchildren'stoys.
Theabilitytostoreandexecutelistsofinstructionscalledprogramsmakescomputersextremelyversatileanddistinguishesthemfromcalculators.TheChurch–Turingthesisisamathematicalstatementofthisversatility:anycomputerwithacertainminimumcapabilityis,inprinciple,capableofperformingthesametasksthatanyothercomputercanperform.Therefore,computerswithcapabilityandcomplexityrangingfromthatofapersonaldigitalassistanttoasupercomputerareallabletoperformthesamecomputationaltasksgivenenoughtimeandstoragecapacity.
Historyofcomputing
Mainarticle:Historyofcomputerhardware
TheJacquardloomwasoneofthefirstprogrammabledevices.Itisdifficulttoidentifyanyonedeviceastheearliestcomputer,partlybecausetheterm"computer"hasbeensubjecttovaryinginterpretationsovertime.Originally,theterm"computer"referredtoapersonwhoperformednumericalcalculations(ahumancomputer),oftenwiththeaidofamechanicalcalculatingdevice.
Thehistoryofthemoderncomputerbeginswithtwoseparatetechnologies-thatofautomatedcalculationandthatofprogrammability.
Examplesofearlymechanicalcalculatingdevicesincludedtheabacus,theslideruleandarguablytheastrolabeandtheAntikytheramechanism(whichdatesfromabout150-100BC).HeroofAlexandria(c.10–70AD)builtamechanicaltheaterwhichperformedaplaylasting10minutesandwasoperatedbyacomplexsystemofropesanddrumsthatmightbeconsideredtobeameansofdecidingwhichpartsofthemechanismperformedwhichactionsandwhen.Thisistheessenceofprogrammability.
The"castleclock",anastronomicalclockinventedbyAl-Jazariin1206,isconsideredtobetheearliestprogrammableanalogcomputer.Itdisplayedthezodiac,thesolarandlunarorbits,acrescentmoon-shapedpointertravellingacrossagatewaycausingautomaticdoorstoopeneveryhour,andfiveroboticmusicianswhoplaymusicwhenstruckbyleversoperatedbyacamshaftattachedtoawaterwheel.Thelengthofdayandnightcouldbere-programmedeverydayinordertoaccountforthechanginglengthsofdayandnightthroughouttheyear.
TheendoftheMiddleAgessaware-invigorationofEuropeanmathematicsandengineering,andWilhelmSchickard's1623devicewasthefirstofanumberofmechanicalcalculator