【英语翻译TheacademywastheGreekequivalentofaschool.Students,usuallyonlyfreemenandfavoredslaves,receivedaneducationattheacademy.Subjectsofstudyincludedthetypicalfareofschoolsbutalsopolitics,athletics,andmilitarytraini】

　　英语翻译

　　TheacademywastheGreekequivalentofaschool.Students,usuallyonlyfreemenandfavoredslaves,receivedaneducationattheacademy.Subjectsofstudyincludedthetypicalfareofschoolsbutalsopolitics,athletics,andmilitarytraining.ThemostrigorousoftheGreekacademieswerethoseofSparta,whereboysweretakenfromtheirparentsatanearlyageandeducatedinamilitaryenvironment.Theacademypreparedtheindividualforservicetothestateasacitizenandasasoldierinthephalanx.Inoneoftheremarkableencountersofhistory,thefutureAlexandertheGreatwaseducatedattheAcademyofAristotle.

　　GreekinfantrysoldiersoftheClassicalAgewerecalledhoplites,fromthenameoftheirlargeshields,calledhoplons.Forbattletheyworeacuirass(breastplate),helmet,andgreaves.Theywerearmedwithalongspearorpikeandsword.Hoplitearmiesfoughteachotherhand-to-handinthedensephalanxformationthatfacedtheenemywithabristlingwallofspearpointsstaggeredatchestlevel.Fightingatcloserangeinsuchaformationrequiredacommitmenttotraininganddisciplinethatbecameawayoflife.HopliteswerethebestinfantrysoldiersintheworldformanycenturiesuntilbeingsupplantedbythemoreflexibleandfunctionalRomanlegionnaires.

　　ThephalanxwasaGreekheavyinfantryformationusedfromabout800BCtotheconquestofGreecebytheRomansinthesecondcenturyBC.TheGreekinfantry,calledhoplites,formedasquarethatcouldquicklyfaceinanyoffourdirections.Eachmancarriedapikeorspearupto12feetinlength.Astheformationadvanced,itpresentedanimposingwallofspearpointstoitsfront.Hoplitescarriedalargeshieldandworeabronzehelmet,cuirass(breastplate),andgreaves.AllfreemenintheGreekcity-statestrainedinthephalanx.ThedisciplineanddrillrequiredtomakethephalanxworkpermeatedtheentireGreekculture.Greekinfantryfightingfromthephalanxwasthefinestinthewesternworldforseveralcenturies.Nootherinfantryfaceditinhand-to-handcombatandwonuntilthenewtacticsofcombinedarmsmadeitobsolete.ThelastgreatsuccessofthephalanxwasinAlexandertheGreat'scampaignagainstthePersians,althoughinthatarmyitfoughtaspartofacombinedarmsarmy.

　　Thesmallesttactic