EndlessplayingofsongslikeAllIWantForChristmasinshopsduringthefestiveseasondoesn’tjustdriveusmad—thesongsalsomakeusmorecarelesswithourmoney,researchhaswarned.WhilerepeatedperformanceofJingleBellsmayseem

　　EndlessplayingofsongslikeAllIWantForChristmasinshopsduringthefestiveseasondoesn’tjustdriveusmad—thesongsalsomakeusmorecarelesswithourmoney,researchhaswarned.

　　WhilerepeatedperformanceofJingleBellsmayseemlikeaninnocentattempttoraisecustomers’spiritsduringthenightmareofChristmasshopping,thesongsalsohaveamoredelicateimpact.

　　“Backgroundmusic,or‘muzak’,canbeusedbymarketerstoimposecultures—suchasthecommercializationofChristmas—ontoconsumersandinfluencetheirbehaviour,”expertssaid.

　　Dr.AlanBradshawofRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,said,“Festivejinglesareforce-fedtoChristmasshoppersinabidtochangetheirmood,influencetheirsenseoftimeandwhatsortofproductstheybuy.Inotherwords,thisisanattempttocontrolyourshoppinghabitsinawaythatyoumighthardlybeawareof.”

　　“Oftenwearetoldthatwehavethefreedomtochoosewherewewanttoshop,butduringChristmastheuseofmusicinthiswayissocommonthatourfreedomtochoosedisappears.”

　　Dr.BradshawandProfMorrisHolbrookofColumbiaUniversityexaminedthephenomenonandfoundthatretailersoften“dumbdown”themusicplayedinshopstorelaxcustomers,meaningitiseasiertocontroltheirbehaviour.

　　Itisthoughtthatslowingdowntherhythmofmusicinshopscantrickcustomersintothinkinglesstimehaspassed,andthereforespendmoretimeexaminingtheshelves,forexample.

　　Someprovidersofbackgroundmusichavebeenknowntopromotetheirservicesbyclaimingtheycanboostprofitsbycontrollingthebehaviourofcustomers.

　　“Acommontrickistotakeapopularcurrentsongandrecordaninstrumentalversionwhichcanbesloweddownorspedupatdifferenttimeofthedaytoinfluencebehaviourindifferentways,”DrBradshawsaid.

　　Backgroundmusicisoftenclassedas“Muzak”inhonoroftheSeattle-basedcompanywhichbeganproducingitssoft-soundingmelodiesinthe1930s.

　　小题1:AccordingtoDr.Bradshaw,inwhatwaysdoesChristmasmusicinfluencecustomers?

　　①theirmood ②theirincome③theirsenseoftime④thesortofproductstheybuyA．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④小题2:Shopkersslowdowntherhythmofmusici