万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕急啊
万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕
急啊
万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕急啊
万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕
急啊
NexttoChristmas,HalloweenisthemostcommercializedcelebrationintheUnitedStatesandCanada.ThisancientfestivaloriginatedfarfromNorthAmericahowever,andcenturiesbeforethefirstEuropeansetfootonthecontinent.
TheancientDruidswhoinhabitedwhatwenowcallGreatBritainplacedgreatimportanceonthepassingofoneseasontothenext,holding"FireFestivals"whichwerecelebratedforthreedays(twodaysoneithersideofthedayitself).
OneofthesefestivalswascalledSamhain(pronouncedSha-Von)andittookplaceonOctober31throughtoNovember1.Duringthisperiod,itwasbelievedthattheboundariesbetweenourworldandtheworldofthedeadwereweakened,allowingspiritsoftherecentlydeadtocrossoverandpossesstheliving.
Inordertomakethemselvesandtheirhomeslessinvitingtothesewaywardspirits,theancientCeltswoulddousealltheirfires.Therewasalsoasecondarypurposetothis,afterextinguishingalltheirfires,theywouldre-lightthemfromacommonsource,theDruidicfirethatwaskeptburningatUsinach,intheMiddleofIreland.
Samhainwasconsideredtobeagatewaynotonlyfromthelandofthedeadtothelandoftheliving,butalsobetweenSummerandFall/Winter.FortheDruids,thiswasthelastgaspofsummer(itwasalsotheCelticNewYear),sothereforetheymadesureitwentoutwithabangbeforetheyhadtobuttondownforthewinterahead.
Theywoulddressupinbizarrecostumesandparadethroughtheirvillagescausingdestructioninordertoscareoffanyrecentlydepartedsoulswhomightbeprowlingforbodiestoinhabit,inadditiontoburninganimalsandotherofferingstotheDruidicdeities.Itisalsoapopularbeliefthattheywouldburnpeoplewhotheybelievedtobepossessed,butthishaslargelybeendebunkedasmyth.
ThisyearlyfestivalwasadoptedbytheRomaninvaders,whohelpedtopropagateitthroughouttherestoftheworld(andatthattime,theRomanEmpirewastheworld).Theword"Halloween"itselfactuallycomesfromacontractionofAllHallowsEve,orAllSaint'sDay(November1),whichisaCatholicdayofobservanceinhonorofsaints.
ThistraditionwaslaterbroughttotheNorthAmericancontinentbyIrishimmigrantswhowereescapingthePotatoFamineintheirhomeland.Inadditiontothefestivalitself,theimmigrantsbroughtseveralcustomswiththem,includingoneofthesymbolsmostcommonlyassociatedwithHalloween--theJack'OLantern.
AccordingtoIrishfolklore,thereoncelivedamannamedJackwhowasknownforbeingadrunkandaprankster.OnenightJacktrickedthedevilintoclimbingatree,andquicklycarvedanimageofacrossonthetrunk,trappingthedevil.Jackthenmadehimpromisethat,inexchangeforlettinghimoutofthetree,theDevilwouldnevertempthimtosinagain.Hereluctantlyagreed,butwasabletoexacthisrevengeuponJack'sdeath.Becauseofhismischievouswaysinlife,Jackwasbarredfromenteringheavenandbecauseofhisearliertrick,hewasalsobarredfromhell.Sohewasdoomedtowandertheearthuntiltheendoftime,withonlyasingleember(carriedinahollowedoutturnip.towarmhimandlighthisway.
InIreland,theyoriginallyalsousedturnipsfortheir"JackLanterns",butuponarrivinginthenewworld,theydiscoveredthatpumpkinswereabundantandeasiertocarveout.