being既可以是谓语动词,也可以是非谓语动词.作为谓语动词,其用法比较简单,主要用于构成进行时态(含被动语态的进行时态);作为非谓语动词,其用法则比较复杂,可用于引出短语构成主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等.
一、being用作谓语动词
1.当being为助动词时,用作谓语动词的being主要与过去分词连用,构成被动语态.如:
I’malwaysbeingcriticized.我总是挨批.
Heisbeinginterviewednow.他现在正在接受面试.
Heisbeingmetatthestationtonight.今晚有人去车站迎接他.
2.当being为连系动词时,用作谓语动词的being主要与形容词连用,表示临时特征或暂时现象.如:
You’rebeingstupid.你真傻.
Youarenotbeingverypolite.你可是不大客气呀.
Yourbrotherisbeingveryannoyingthisevening.你兄弟今晚很烦人.
二、being用作非谓语动词
1.当being为助动词时,用作非谓语动词的being具有以下用法:
(1)作主语.如:
Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历.
Beingrecognizedwhereveryougoisthepriceyoupayforbeingfamous.出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里,都会被人认出来.
(2)作宾语.如:
Hecan’tstandbeingkeptwaiting.让他等着,他可不干.
Doyoulikebeingstaredat?你愿意人家盯着你看吗?
(3)作宾语补足语.如:
Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.我看到他正被警察带走.
Ifoundmyselfbeingdrawnintoanotherdrearyargument.我发现竟然身不由己又参与了一次无聊的争论.
It’sinteresting(forchildren)toseeahousebeingbuilt.(孩子们)看造房子是挺有趣的事.
(4)作定语.如:
Didyouseethatboybeingquestionedbythepolice?你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?
Wearegoingtoreducethenumberoftreesbeingcutdown.我们要减少砍伐的树的数量.
(5)作状语.如:
Beinggivenachance,sheimmediatelyjumpedatit.给了她这个机会,她立刻抓住了.
Beingwelltakencareof,sherecoveredquickly.她受到很好的照顾,身体恢复得很快.
注:有时being可带有自己的逻辑主语(构成独立主格结构).如:
Thequestionbeingsettled,wewenthome.问题解决之后,我们就回家了.
2.当being为连系动词时,用作非谓语动词的being具有以下用法:
(1)作主语.如:
Beingtiredoftenmakesmeshort-tempered.我一累就容易发脾气.
Beingdeafanddumbmakescommunicationverydifficult.又聋又哑很难与人交往.
(2)作宾语.如:
Idon’tlikebeingintheofficeallday.我不喜欢整天呆在办公室里.
Youcanbealonewithoutbeinglonely.你可以独处而不感到寂寞.
(3)作宾语补足语.如:
Hesaidittostopherbeingtooproud.他说这话是想要她不要太骄傲.
I’msorrytoseeyoubeingsosadaboutit.看到你对这事这样伤心,我很难过.
Shecomplainsoftheroombeingtoosmallforher.她埋怨房间太小了.
(4)作状语.如:
Beinganxioustopleasehim,Iboughthimanicepresent.因为我想讨好他,我给他买了一件好礼物.
Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.由于他没有工作,他没有多少钱.
(5)用于独立主格结构.如:
Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于是假日,所有商店都关门了.
Theweatherbeinghot,wehadtostayathome.由于天气炎热,我们只好呆在家里.
Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,ldeclarethemeetingclosed.没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.
Otherthingsbeingequal,AlicewouldmarryJim.如果其他条件都一样的话,爱莉丝就会嫁给吉姆.
三、being用法的限制
1.当being为连系动词时,非谓语动词结构being...可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等,但是不能用作定语.遇此情况,可考虑改用定语从句.如:
凡10点钟以后仍在外面的人将被逮捕.
误:Anyonebeingoutsideafterteno’clockwillbearrested.
正:Anyonewhoisoutsideafterteno’clockwillbearrested.
2.当being为助动词时,非谓语动词结构being...可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等,也可用作定语.如:
Thehousebeingbuiltisournewlibrary.正在建的房子是我们的新图书馆.
ThatpictureofthechildrenbeingtalkedtobythePrimeMinisteriswonderful.那张小孩子们正在聆听首相谈话的照片照得非常好.