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  【Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwo】

  People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle,the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names,we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

  In general,the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption,accidents and disasters,sports,social events,and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs,economic matters,social problems,science,education,and health.

  News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

  News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance-as,for example,when he reads of the threatening foreign situation,the mounting national debt,rising taxes,falling market,scarce housing,and cancer.It has a kind of"threat value."It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news,he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind,he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

  For any individual,of course,the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example,a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem,rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value:he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting,not for its delayed reward,but very much as hi

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2020-12-07 06:03
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商敏儿

  66.rewards/rewarded 直接信息题 根据文章首句"People select news in expectation of a reward"可知,空处可填reward的名词形式,因此这里可以填rewards;同时它还是动词,"getrewarded"可以用来表示被动意义,因此空处还可填reward的,故答案为rewards/rewarded.

  67.Explanations 信息概括题 文章的第二、三、四段都是对于两种取向的解释,因此本题答案为Explanations.

  68.involvement 信息转换题 根据第三段中的"Areadercanenjoyanindirectrewardwithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved"可知,读者不要真正参在其中,故本空应填名词involvement.

  69.share 信息概括题 根据第三段内容可知,读者的反应与亲身经历的感受一致,因此读者共享了他们的体验."share…with…和…分享",因此应填share.

  70.threat 直接信息题 根据第四段内容,尤其是"Ithasakindof‘threatvalue'"可知,本题应填threat.

  71.prepare 信息转换题 根据第四段内容,尤其是"thereadermaybeinformedandprepared"可知,本题应填prepare.

  72.withdraw 直接信息题 根据第四段最后一句"Whenheselectsnewsofthenewsoftheotherkind,和usually withdrawfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld"可知,本题应填withdraw.

  73.profession(s)/intention 信息转换题 根据最后一段中不同职业的人阅读新闻时的不同意图可知,本题应填profession(s)/intention.

  74.adapt 信息转换题 根据最后一段中的"athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonly…butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness"可知,他们不但获取了信息,而且还会做准备以便能够更好地去适应现实."adaptoneselfto使自己适应",因此本空填adapt.

  75.depends 信息概括题 可以看出本句是对文章大意的总结,综合文章所述,不难得出这样的结论:阅读新闻的取向取决于读者本人,因此本空填depends.

2020-12-07 06:08:36

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