阅读理解Isthereanationwideshortageofnurses?It'shardtosay.Howeversomecharacteristicsymptomsoftenindicatethatthereisindeedashortage.Onesymptomisthevacancyrateorthepercentageofbudgetedpositions

　　阅读理解

　　Isthereanationwideshortageofnurses?It'shardtosay.Howeversomecharacteristicsymptoms

　　oftenindicatethatthereisindeedashortage.

　　Onesymptomisthevacancyrateorthepercentageofbudgetedpositionsthatareunfilled.New

　　England'shospitalscurrentlyreportthatanaverageof7to12percentoftheirregisterednursepositions

　　arevacantthehighestlevelsincethelastshortageinthelate1980s.Vermonthasarelativelylow

　　vacancyrateat7.8percent.Butitsvacancieswereat1.2percentjustfiveyearsago.

　　Anothersymptomistheincreaseduseofstopgapmeasurestofillemptypositions.Forinstancemany

　　nursesreportanupswinginhowfrequentlytheyareaskedtostaypasttheirshifts.AccordingtoMurphyworkingintheSt.Elizabeth'sHospital"Theshortagehasdefinitelycreatedalotofopportunitiesof

　　overtimeforournurseswhethertheywantthemornot."Similarlyanationalsurveyofregisterednurses

　　showsthatinanaverageweeknursesintheU.S.work2.4morehoursthantheyarescheduledto.

　　Muchofthisextratimeisvoluntaryasnursesearnovertimepaywhentheystaytofillinblanksinthe

　　schedule.

　　Whentheycan'tfillopenpositionsbymoretraditionalmeanshealthcareprovidershiretemporary

　　stafftotidethemover.Travellingworkersarethelargestpartofthetemporaryhealthcareworkforce

　　hiredforthirteen-weekreductionathealthcarefacilitiesfacingshort-termlackofworkers.Temporary

　　workersmainlynursescosthospitals$7.2billionin2000.

　　"Anysuccessfulsolutiontotheshortagedependsonconvincingmorepeopletobecomenursesand

　　thatisnotaneasygoaltoreach.Toachieveit"saysBuerhaus"societyneedstoplacemorevalueon

　　nursing. Legislation(法规)can'tdothat-itshouldcomefrompeople."Andifthiscontinueswemight

　　havetolearntocareforourselvesinthehospital.

　　1.Thetemporarystaffhiredbyahospital_______.

　　A.costalargepartofthehospital'sbudget

　　B.meettheneedfornursesinthehospitalforashorttime

　　C.shouldworkonaweeklybasisandonascheduledtimetable