【Inanyplanningsystem，fromthesimplestbudgetingtothemostcomplexcorporateplanning，thereisanannualprocess．Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms（51）___theiraccountingonayearlybasis，butalsobecausesimilar（52）___】

　　Inanyplanningsystem，fromthesimplestbudgetingtothemostcomplexcorporateplanning，thereisanannualprocess．Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms （51）___theiraccountingonayearlybasis，butalsobecausesimilar（52）___oftenoccurinthemarket．

　　Usually，thelargerthefirm，thelongertheplanningtakes．But （53）___，planningfornextyearmaystartninemonthsormoreinadvance，withvariousstagesofevaluationleadingto （54）___ofthecompleteplanthreemonthsbeforethestartoftheyear．

　　Planningcontinues，however，throughouttheyear，sincemanagers （55）___progressagainsttargets，whilelookingforwardtothenextyear．Whatishappeningnowwill（56）___ theobjectivesandplansforthefuture．

　　Intoday'sbusinessclimate，asmarketsconstantlychangeandbecomemoredifficultto （57）___，someanalystsbelievethatlong-termplanningis（58）___．Insomemarketstheymayberight，aslongascompaniescanbuildthesortofflexibilityintotheiroperationswhichallowsthemto （59）___toanysuddenchanges．

　　Mostfirms，however，needtoplanmorethanoneyearaheadinorderto（60）___．theirlong-termgoals．Thismayreflectthetimeittakestocommissionandbuildanewproductionplant，or，inmarketing（61）___，itmaybeaquestionofhowlongittakestoresearchandlauncharangeofnewproducts，andreachacertain（62）___inthemarket．If，forexample，itisgoingtotakefiveyearsforaparticularairlinetobecomethe（63）___choiceamongstbusinesstravelersoncertainroutes，theairlinemustplanforthevarious（64）___involved．

　　Everyone-yearplan，therefore，mustbe （65）___inrelationtolonger-termplans，anditshouldcontaindiestagesthatarenecessarytoachievethefinalgoals．

　　51．A．makeupB．carryoutC．bringaboutD．putdown52．A．patternsB．guidesC．designsD．distributions53．A．surprisinglyB．contrarilyC．equallyD．typically54．A．approvalB．permissionC．admirationD．objection55．A．valueB．confirmC．reviewD．surve