Cloninginbiologyistheprocessofproducingpopulationsofgenetically-identicalindividualsthatoccursinnaturewhenorganismssuchasbacteria,insectsorplantsreproduceasexually.CloninginbiotechnologyreferstoprocessesusedtocreatecopiesofDNAfragments,cells,ororganisms.Moregenerally,thetermreferstotheproductionofmultiplecopiesofaproductsuchasdigitalmediaorsoftware.Humancloningisthecreationofageneticallyidenticalcopyofanexistingorpreviouslyexistinghuman.Thetermisgenerallyusedtorefertoartificialhumancloning;humanclonesintheformofidenticaltwinsarecommonplace,withtheircloningoccurringduringthenaturalprocessofreproduction.Therearetwocommonlydiscussedtypesofhumancloning:therapeuticcloningandreproductivecloning.Therapeuticcloninginvolvescloningcellsfromanadultforuseinmedicineandisanactiveareaofresearch:whilereproductivecloningwouldinvolvemakingclonedhumanbeings.Suchreproductivecloninghasnotbeenperformedandisillegalinmanycountries.Athirdtypeofcloningcalledreplacementcloningisatheoreticalpossibility,andwouldbeacombinationoftherapeuticandreproductivecloning.Replacementcloningwouldentailthereplacementofanextensivelydamaged,failed,orfailingbodythroughcloningfollowedbywholeorpartialbraintransplant.