阅读理解TheNobelPrizesTheprizesareawardedbytheNobelFoundation（基金会）foroutstandingachievementsorcontributionsintheseareas:chemistryphysicsmedicineorphysiologyliteratureandpeace.Eac

　　阅读理解

　　TheNobelPrizes

　　TheprizesareawardedbytheNobelFoundation（基金会）foroutstandingachievementsorcontributionsintheseareas:chemistryphysicsmedicineorphysiologyliteratureandpeace.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.SecondawinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenadiploma（证书）sayingthathehasbeenawardedtheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney.Oftenaprizeisawardedtojustonepersonbutnotalways.Sometimesaprizeissharedmaybebytwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogethertoreachagoal.SincetheNobelPrizesareinternationalprizesscientistsinventorswritersanddiplomats（外交官）fromallcountriesmayreceiveaprize.Sometimestwopeoplefromcountrieswithdifferentpoliticalviewsmayevenshareaprize.Anexampleofthisisthe1973PeacePrizewhichwasawardedtoHenryKissingeroftheUnitedStatesandtoLeDueThoofNorthVietnamfortheVietnam（越南）peacenegotiations（谈判）.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgiven.Ifthereisnooutstandingachievementinoneoftheseareasnoprizeisgiveninthatarea.In1972forexamplenoNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.Someonemustdecidewhetherornottogiveanaward.Theprocessofnominating（提名，推荐）andchoosingNobelPrizewinnershastwoparts.Firstnominationsorrecommendationsofpeoplewhomightdeserve（应得）aNobelPrizearemade.ThenominationsinphysicsandchemistryaremadebytheRoyalAcademy（研究员，学会）ofScienceinStockholm.ThenominationsinmedicineorphysiologyaremadebytheCarolineMedicalInstitutewhichisalsoinStockholm.TheSwedishAcademyalongwiththeFrenchandSpanishAcademiesmakesnominationsinliterature.ThepeaceprizenominationsaremadebyacommitteeoftheNorwegiangovernment.Manynominationsaremadeineacharea.NominationsfromthesegroupsbegintheprocessofchoosingtheNobelPrizewinners.

　　ThesecondpartoftheprocessofchoosingNobelPrizewinnersistodecidewhichofthenomineesdeservestheawardineacharea.ThisdecisionismadebytheNobelFoundationinStockholm.TheFoundationmaydecidenottogiveaprizeatallinanyarea.

　　1.ANobelPrizeisgivenintheformof_____________.

　　A.alargequantityofmoney B.adiploma

　　C.agoldmedal D.alloftheabove

　　2.The19