动词的语态

　　一、动词的语态的种类：主动语态和被动语态.

　　二、被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词.在语态中,各种时态谓语动词的被动形式如：

　　时态x09被动语态的构成

　　一般现在时x09am/is/aredone

　　一般过去时x09was/weredone

　　一般将来时x09shall/willbedone

　　过去将来时x09am/is/arebeingdone

　　现在进行时x09was/werebeingdone

　　过去进行时x09have/hasbeendone

　　现在完成时x09hadbeendone

　　过去完成时x09should/would+bedone

　　情态动词x09情态动词+be+过去分词

　　E.g.(1)一般现在时：NowEnglishistaughtinallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.

　　(2)一般过去时：TheGreathallofthePeoplewasbuiltin1959.

　　(3)一般将来时:Whenwilltheworkbefinished?

　　(4))过去将来时：Hetoldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday.

　　(5)现在进行时：Yourtractorisbeingrepairednow.

　　(6)过去进行时：Thechildwasbeingexaminedbythedoctorwhentheycamein.

　　(7)现在完成时：Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.

　　(8)过去完成:Thenewplanhadbeencarriedoutbeforethesecondexperimentbegan.

　　(9)情态动词:Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.

　　三、主动语态转换为被动语态要注意的几点：1、带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句,若主动语态动词后又有直接宾语,又有间接宾语,.一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语,将直接宾语保留在原处.但若将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语,则将间接宾语保留在原处时,一般要在间接宾语前加介词to（此类动词为:bring,hand,leave,lend,read,pass,promise,refuse,return,send,shoe,tell,throw,write）或for（此类动词为：buy,do,get,make,order,pay,play,sing）等.

　　E.g.(1)Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.→Iwastoldaninterestingstorylastnight.

　　→Aninterestingstorywastoldtomelastnight.

　　(2)Sheboughtmeabike.Iwasboughtabike(byher).

　　Abikewasboughtforme(byher).

　　2、若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to".此类动词为感官动词（如：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch）和使役动词（如：make,have,let等）.

　　E.g.(1)Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.

　　（2）Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).

　　3、短语动词是一个整体变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.（如：setup,payattentionto,takegoodcareof,hearof,listento,lookafter）

　　E.g(1).Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).(2)Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.

　　4、含有情态动词和begoingto,beto,oughtto,usedto,haveto等的结构变被动语态,需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词.E.g.Weoughttofinishtheworkontime.Theworkoughttobefinishedontime.

　　5、当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补.（B）用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.E.g.（A）Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.

　　Heissaidtobeasmartboy.

　　（B）PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.

　　PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.

　　类似句型有：Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisthoughtthat…Itissuggestedthat…据建议……,Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然……,Ithasbeendecidedthat…Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是……等.

　　E.g.ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.

　　6、不能用被动语态的几种情况：

　　（1）动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run,sel