Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenpr

　　Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe"looksay"or"wholeword"methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively.

　　Thewholewordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningoflet?tersthinkingoverdecodingdevelopingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeselfdirected"learninghowtolearn"activitiesrecommendedbyadvocates(倡导者)of"open"classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese"Run-Spot-Run"readers.

　　Howeverin1955RudolfReschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled"thegreatdebate"inbeginningreading.InhisbestsellerWhyJohnnyCantReadFleschindicted(控诉)thenation'spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelooksaymethod.Hesaid―andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed―thatanotherapproachtobeginningreadingfoundedonphonics(语音学)，isfarsuperior.

　　Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.RatherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwordsitimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.

　　( )1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"touchedoff"mostprobablymean?

　　   A.Movedoff.B.Setoff.C.Tookoff.D.Dropedoff.

　　( )2.Theauthoraccusesthe"looksay"readingapproachbecause       .

　　   A.itoverlooksdecoding

　　   B.someexpertsagreewithhim

　　   C.itdevaluestheusefulphonicsmethod

　　   D.manysc