Bringingupchildrenisahardworkandyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.IfsoJudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parentssheargueshavenoimportantlong—termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthechara

　　Bringingupchildrenisahardworkandyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.IfsoJudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parentssheargueshavenoimportantlong—termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthecharacteristicsoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingthebeliefwhichhascontrolleddevelopmentalpsychology(心理学)foralmosthalfacentury.

　　Ms.Harris’sattacklookslikelytostrengthendoubtsthatthefieldwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatterwhyisitthatapairoftwinsraisedinthesamehomearenomorealikethanapairoftwinsraisedindifferenthomes?

　　Difficultasitistofollowtheexacteffectsofparentalupbringingitmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同龄人)groupinchildhoodandyouth.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butgainingalanguageissurelyaskillratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistslookfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxedorfromlearningtobehonestorhard—working.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleeffectonthosequalitiesitwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavemuchmore.

　　Moreovermumanddadsurelycannotbeignoredcompletely.YoungadultsmayasMs.Harrisarguesbeeagertoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyearsparentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayfirstlychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungmix.Moreovermostpeoplesupposethattheycometobesimilartotheirparentsmoreinmiddleage.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplexasmostparentsalreadydoubtedwithoutbeingabletoproveitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenes(基因)theypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasloveandgoodexampleparentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

　　1．WhatisMs.Harris’sidea?

　　A．Parentshavenoeffectonchildren.

　　B．Geneshaveagreateffectonchildren’squalities.

　　C．Parentsaretoblameforbadbehavioroftheirchildren.

　　D．Children’spersonalityisgreatlyaffectedbytheirfriends.

　　2．Thedevelopmentalpsychologiststhink .

　　A．chi