【Itisthoughtthatcryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tear,whethertheyareofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftears(落泪者)islikelytoapologize,evenwh】

　　Itisthoughtthatcryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tear,whethertheyareofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftears(落泪者)islikelytoapologize,evenwhenagreattragedywasthecause.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaltears.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive(适得其反).

　　Humansaretheonlyanimalsclearlyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofewpurposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhance(increase)survival.

　　Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoaskforassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

　　Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

　　Otherresearchersareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuse,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndrome（综合症）andtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

　　小题1:Whatdoesthephrase“boththoseresponses”inParagraph1referto?A．Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B．Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C．Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D．Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompo