Peoplelaughandpeoplecry．Butitisthoughtthatemotionssuchasanger，grieforjoy，typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed．Theshedderoftears（落泪者）islikelytoapologize，evenwhenagreattragedywasthe

　　Peoplelaughandpeoplecry．Butitisthoughtthatemotionssuchasanger，grieforjoy，typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed．Theshedderoftears（落泪者）islikelytoapologize，evenwhenagreattragedywasthecause．Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaltears．Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior，boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive（适得其反）．

　　Humansaretheonlyanimalsclearlyknowntoshedemotionaltears．Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofewpurposelessphysiologicalresponses，itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatincreasesurvival．

　　Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoaskforassistanceformothers（asacryingbabymightfromitsmother），thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp．Vo-cal（出声的）crieswouldhavebeenquiteenough，morelikelythantearstogainattention．So，itappearsthattheremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves．

　　Indeed，thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleineasingstress．UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyseparatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears．Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion．Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance．

　　Otherresearchersarelookingintotheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs．AtTulaneUniversity'sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr．PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuse，tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndrome（综合症）andtheeffectsofeyesurgery，andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants．

　　64．Whatdoesthephrase"boththoseresponses"inParagraph1referto？___

　　A．Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness．

　　B．Theembarrassmentandunpleasantfeelingsoftheobservers．

　　C．Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears．

　　D．Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver'sefforttostopthecrying．

　　65．Itisknow