【第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分3O分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后备题所给的A、B、C．D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Wetypicall】

　　第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分3O分）

　　请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后备题所给的A、B、C．D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Wetypicallyassociatetheword“science”withapersoninawhitecoatdoingexperimentsinalaboratory.Ideallyexperimentsshouldplayasbigaroleinthehumansciencesastheydointhenaturalsciences;butinpracticethisisnotusuallythecase.Theareatleastthreereasonsforthis.

　　1．Humanscientistsareoftentryingtomakesenseofcomplexrealworldsituationsinwhichitissimplyimpossibletoruncontrolledexperiment.

　　2．Theartificialityofsomeoftheexperimentsthatcanbeconductedmaymakethebehavioroftheparticipantsabnormal.

　　3．Therearemoralreasonsfornotconductingexperimentsthathaveanegativeeffectonthepeoplewhoparticipateinthem.

　　Facedwiththeabovedifficultieswhatarehumanscientiststodo?Onesolutionistowaitfornaturetoprovidetheappropriateexperimentalconditions.Wecanforexamplelearnsomethingabouthowanormalbrainfunctionsbylookingatpeoplewhohavesufferedbraindamage;andwecangainsomeunderstandingintotherolesplayedbygenesandtheenvironmentbystudyingtwinswhohavebeenseparatedatbirthandbroughtupindifferentfamilies.Inthecaseofeconomicseconomichistorycanprovideuswithabankof-admittedlynotverywell-controlled-experimentaldata.

　　Howeverhumanscientistsdonotjustsitaroundwaitingfornaturalexperimentstoarise.Theyalsothinkofsomeexperimentsoftheirown.Supposeyouwanttoknowhowababyseestheworld.Wecannotofcourseaskthebabysinceithasnotyetlearnttospeak.Soitmightseemthatallwecandoisguess.Peopleusuallywon’tchangetheirminduntilitwasfoundoutthatbabiestendtostareatsurprisingthingslongerthanatunsurprisingones.Thiskeyunderstandingwaslikeopeningawindowontothedevelopingmind.Therewasnowawayoftestingbabies’expectationsandgettingsomeideaofhowtheyaresixmonthsoldbabiescanalreadydothefollowingthings:figuringoutthatobjectsconsistofpartsthatmovetogetherbeingawareofthedifferencebetweenlivingandnon-livingthingsandevendoingsimplearithmeticwork.

　　1．Whatistrueaboutthenaturalsciencesandthehumansciencesaccordingtothispassage?