“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotectio

　　“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.

　　AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsoutthereisastrongappealinimagesofthewildtheuntouched;morethananythingelsetheyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrongandthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforestsforexamplestorecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauventhese“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.

　　LeeLaneavisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitutetakestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservicessuchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnothearguesareasontoavoidallhumanpresenceorindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarthandtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlivesratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimprovedthereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterialsandsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovidetheargumentgoesthereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnotinitselfacharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.

　　Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurtherandtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.

　　Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelingsbutalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.

　　1.JohnSauvenholdsthat________________.

　　A．manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuch

　　B．exploitationofwildernessesisharmful