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　　【Facemasksarecommonlyusedinceremoniesandperformances.Theynotonlyhidetherealfaceofthemaskwearerbuttheyoftenevokepowerfulemotionsintheaudience—dangerfearsadnessjoy.Youmightthinkbecausesomanythingsvary】

　　Facemasksarecommonlyusedinceremoniesandperformances.Theynotonlyhidetherealfaceofthemaskwearerbuttheyoftenevokepowerfulemotionsintheaudience—dangerfearsadnessjoy.Youmightthinkbecausesomanythingsvarycross-culturallythatthewaysinwhichemotionsaredisplayedandrecognizedinthefacevarytoo.Apparentlytheydonot.Recentresearchonmasksfromdifferentculturessupportstheconclusionthatmaskslikefacestendtorepresentcertainemotionsinthesameways.Wenowhavesomeevidencethatthesymbolismusedinmasksisoftenuniversal.

　　Theresearchonmasksbuildsonworkdonebyanthropologistswhousedphotographsofindividualsexperiencingvariousemotions.Thesephotographswereshowntomembersofdifferentculturalgroupswhowereaskedtoidentifytheemotionsdisplayedinthephotographs.Emotionswereidentifiedcorrectlybymostviewerswhatevertheviewer’snativeculture.

　　Codingschemesweredevelopedtoenableresearcherstocomparethedetailedfacialpositionsofindividualportionsofdieface(eyebrowsmouthetc.)fordifferentemotions.Whatexactlydowedowhenwescowl?Wecontracttheeyebrowsandlowerthecornersofthemouth;ingeometrictermswemakeanglesanddiagonals(斜线)onourfaces.Whenwesmileweraisethecornersofthemouth;wemakeitcurved.

　　PsychologistJoelArnoffandhiscolleaguescomparedtwotypesofwoodenfacemasksfrommanydifferentsocieties—masksdescribedasthreateningversusmasksassociatedwithnonthreateningfunctions.Assuspectedthetwosetsofmaskshadsignificantdifferencesincertainfacialelements.Thethreateningmaskshadeyebrowsandeyesfacinginwardanddownwardandadownward-facingmouth.Inmoreabstractorgeometricaltermsthreateningfeaturesgenerallytendtobeangularordiagonalandnonthreateningfeaturestendtobecurvedorroundedafacewithapointedbeardisthreatening;ababy'sfaceisnot.Thetheoryisthathumansexpressandrecognizebasicemotionsinuniform(一致的)waysbecauseallhumanfacesarequitesimilarskeletallyandmuscularly

　　1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

　　A.Thetechniquesforcomparingfacialexpressionsacrosscultures

　　B.Thephotographyoffaces

　　C.Culturalvariationsinmask

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2020-12-19 04:35

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任鸿翔

　　DBDC试题

　　解析：

　　本文通过在一些仪式和演出中的面具的世界性引出了自己的观点：面具和人类的脸一样总是用同意的方式表达某些情感，并提出一系列的论据来支持自己的观点。1.D主旨大意题。根据最后一段最有一句话：Thetheoryisthathumansexpressandrecognizebasicemotionsinuniform(一致的)waysbecauseallhumanfacesarequitesimilarskeletallyandmuscularly.人类用一致的方式来表达和识别基本情绪，因为所有人的面孔、骨骼和肌肉都很相似，所以D正确。2.B细节推理题。根据第一段第一句话：Facemasksarecommonlyusedinceremoniesandperformances.Theynotonlyhidetherealfaceofthemaskwearerbuttheyoftenevokepowerfulemotionsintheaudience—dangerfearsadnessjoy.面具常用于仪式和表演，他们不仅隐藏面具佩戴者的真正表情，而且常常唤起观众的强烈的的真实情感：危险，恐惧，悲伤，快乐。所以B正确。3.D理解推断题。根据第一段第二句：becausesomanythingsvarycross-culturallythatthewaysinwhichemotionsaredisplayedandrecognizedinthefacevarytoo.Apparentlytheydonot.Recentresearchonmasksfromdifferentculturessupportstheconclusionthatmaskslikefacestendtorepresentcertainemotionsinthesameways.因为很多事情跨文化而不同，，在脸上展示和识别情绪显的方式也不同。显然不是这样。近期关于来自不同文化的面具来的研究支持这一结论：面具，和脸一样，总是以相同方式代表特定的情绪。所以D正确4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句Inmoreabstractorgeometricaltermsthreateningfeaturesgenerallytendtobeangularordiagonalandnonthreateningfeaturestendtobecurvedorroundedafacewithapointedbeardisthreatening;ababy'sfaceisnot.在更抽象的几何图形里，威胁的特点往往是角或斜的。没有威胁的特点往往是弯曲或圆形，有胡子的脸是威胁性的；婴儿的脸是不是。所以C正确。

　　考点：

　　考查文化生活类短文阅读。

2020-12-19 04:36:09

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