PrefacetothefourtheditionApracticalEnglishGrammarisintendedforintermediate(中级的)andpost-intermediatestudents.Wehopethatmoreadvancedlearnersandteacherswillalsofindituseful.Thebookisacomprehensivesurveyof

　　Prefacetothefourthedition

　　ApracticalEnglishGrammarisintendedforintermediate(中级的)andpost-intermediatestudents.Wehopethatmoreadvancedlearnersandteacherswillalsofindituseful.

　　ThebookisacomprehensivesurveyofstructuresandformswritteninclearmodernEnglishandillustratedwithnumerousexamples.Areasofparticulardifficultyhavebeengivenspecialattention.Differencesbetweenconversationalusageandstrictgrammaticalformsareshownbuttheemphasisisonconversationalforms.

　　1.Explanationandexampleshavebeenbroughtuptodate.

　　2.Thereisnowmoreinformationoncountableanduncountablenounsattributiveandpredicativeadjectivesadverbsofplacessentenceadverbscleftsentencesprepositionsconjunctivesmodalverbsperfecttensesinfinitiveconstructionsthepassivepurposeclausesandnouns.

　　Inthefourtheditionthemainchangesareasfollows.

　　3.Somematerialhasbeenrearrangedtomakecomparisonseasier.Forexamplepartsofchaptersoncanmaymustetc.arenowgroupedbyfunctions;verbsoflikingandpreferencehaveachaptertothemselves;suggestionsandinvitationshavejoinedthechapteroncommandsrequestsandadvice.

　　4.Thecontentslistnowsummarieseveryeditionheadingandthereisanewindexcontainingmanymoreentriesreferences.

　　Inthiseditionthesign“～”isfrequentlyusedtoshowachangeofspeakerinexamplesofdialogue.Notealsothatalthoughthesign“＝”sometimesconnectstwowordsorexpressionswiththesamemeaningitisoftenusedmorefreelye.g.toindicateatransformationfromactivetopassiveordirecttoindirectspeech.

　　WewishtothankallatOxfordUniversityPresswhohaveassistedinthepreparationofthefourthedition.WewouldalsoliketothankProfessorEgawaofNihonUniversityJapanProfessorReneDirvenofDuisburgUniversityWestGermanyandothercolleaguesfortheirfriendlyandhelpfulsuggestions.

　　LondonNovember1985 A.J.T.A.VM

　　小题1:Thegrammarbookmentionedinthispassageisnotsuitablefor__________.A．amiddleschoolteacherB．acollegestudentC．aseniorhighstudentD．a