阅读理解Whatshapesaman'sabilityandskillwasalwaysaquestiontopsychologistsuntilafewdecadesagowhenfindingsshowthattheyforthemostpartcomefrompractice-repetitiveandendless

　　阅读理解

　　Whatshapesaman'sabilityandskillwasalwaysaquestiontopsychologistsuntilafewdecadesagowhenfindingsshowthattheyforthemostpartcomefrompractice-repetitiveandendlesspractice．

　　ThepsychologistK．AndersEricssonoftheUniversityofFloridaandhisteambasedonasurveyofaviolinclassinacollegeofmusichavefoundthatthestudentswhoselevelsareratedas“A”havespentonaverageover10000hoursonviolin-practicethosewithlevelBabitlessthan8000hoursandthosewithaverageorlowerlevelsnomorethan5000hours．

　　Theresultofthesurveyiswidelypreferredbecauseitsuggeststhatpracticemakesperfectthatisthedistinctionbetween“excellent”and“good”liesmoreinhardworkthaninnaturalintelligence．MalcolmGladwellpointsoutinhislatestbookOutliers：TheStoryofSuccess：“Practiceisn'tthethingyoudoonceyou'regood．It'sthethingyoudothatmakesyougood．”BesideshethinksIQplayslittlepartintheformationanddevelopmentofability．“WhenonehasanIQof120”writeshe“whatisbeyonditdoesnotmakeanevidentialdifferenceinreallife．”

　　Howeverscientists'experimentalresultsarequitedifferentfromthepsychologists'．Theirfindingsshowsuccessinmanyareasdependsonintelligence-andnotalittle．DavidLubinskiandCamillaBenbowofVanderbiltUniversitywiththeirresearchgroupcarriedoutamilestoneresearch．TheyselectedfromYouthTalentedSearch2000teenagersoforunder13whoseSATresultsrankedtop1％．Aftertrackingtheachievementsthe2000“wonderchildren”madeinacademyandcareerLubinskiandBenbow'sgroupfoundthatthoserankingtop1％havemorepossibility(averagelybytwotofourtimes)togetadoctor'sdegreeacertificateandpublishacademicthesesandworksthanthoserankingtop9％．Asaconclusionit'sagreatadvantageintherealworldtohaveahighIQ．

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　　Psychologistsapplyviolin-practiceasanexampletosupporttheideathat_______