【每空一词.researchersandteachershavelongbeeninterestedinwhetheranyonemethodofteachingasecondlanguageismoreeffectivethananother,several(1)studiesoflanguageteachingmethodshavebeencarriedout,notablyinBritain,Sweden,a】

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　　researchersandteachershavelongbeeninterestedinwhetheranyonemethodofteachingasecondlanguageismoreeffectivethananother,several(1)studiesoflanguageteachingmethodshavebeencarriedout,notablyinBritain,Sweden,andtheUnitedStates.Resultshavebeeninconclusive,yetitishardtobelievethatmethodsmakeno(2)atall.Therefore,attentionhasbeen(3)onthemethodsusedbytheresearchersinconductingthestudiesthemselves.

　　Severalpossiblereasonsforthelackofclearfindingshaveemerged.First,veryfewstudieshave(4)individualdifferencesamongstudents(5)account;theyhavelooked,instead,formethods(6)couldbeusedsuccessfully(7)studentsofalltypes.Thus,methodAmayindeedbebetterthanmethodBformoreinteeligentadultsorfor(8)withcertainkindsoflearningstyles,(9)thestudieshaverarelybeendesignedin(10)awaythatthishypothesiscouldbetested.(11)thetestsoflanguageproficiencyusedtomeasurestudents'achicvementhaveoftenbeeninadequate.(12)havesometimessimplybeenunreliable(13)hence,invalid;onotheroccasionstheyhavetendedtoreflecttheaimsof(14)methodratherthananother,makingtruecomparison(15).