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  【情态动词的用法】

  情态动词的用法

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2020-12-27 04:22
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杜高明

  Grammar—Modal-verb

  Ⅰ.情态动词

  一、can/could

  1.表示能力时

  was/wereableto具体做成某件事(=managedtodo)

  could只表示能够

  2.can+感官动词

  cantaste/see/hear/smell/feel/believe/decide/understand

  3.can表示惊讶、不敢相信

  Eg:Howcanyoudolikethis?

  4.cannotbutdo

  cannotchoosebutdo

  cannothelpbutdo

  Eg:Icannotbutfeelsorryforher.

  Icannotchoosebutfollowheradvice.

  5.cannot…over/enough/too…都不过分;越…越好

  Eg:Youcannotoverpraisehim.

  6.理论上的可能性:

  Eg:Accidentscanhappenonsuchrainydays.

  Anyonecanmakemistakes.

  Thetemperaturecanfallto-40℃.

  7.can’t表示否定推测:

  Eg:Itcan’tbehim,forhehasgonetoParisyesterday.不能用mustn’t

  8.can/could表示允许、请求

  Can/MayIhelpyou?

  IwonderifIcan/coulddosth.(此处could不表示时态)

  -Can/Could/MayIuse…?

  -Yes,youcan/may.

  -No,youcan’t/maynot/mustn’t.(题目选项中如果表否定允许有mustn’t就选mustn’t)

  You’dbetternot.(may问一般不用may回答)

  I’dratheryoudidn’t.

  9.can/could(not)havedone

  (1)本能做、没能够

  (2)过去可能会做、过去不可能做

  Eg:HecouldhavekilledHarryPotter,buthedidn’t.(过去本能够)

  Hecouldn’thavekilledhim17yearsago,andhecannotdoitnow,either.(过去没能够)

  Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?(过去可能会做)

  Hecannothaveforgottenit.(过去不可能)

  二、may/might

  1.may/might推测性用法可能

  Hemayberight.

  Hemaynotcometoday(可能不)

  Hemay/mightcometomorrow.

  注意:只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中

  2.maynot可能不cannot不可能

  HemaynotcomeHecan’tcome

  3.mayaswell最好maywell理应,有足够的理由

  Youmay(might)aswellstaywhereyouare.

  -Shallwewalk?

  -Wemayaswell.

  4.表祝愿Mayyoubehappy!

  5.may(might)+have+done表示对过去发生行为的推测,也许或许已经做

  Itmayhavebeentrue.

  Hemightnothavesettledthequestion.

  Hemaynothavefinishedthework.

  Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.

  6.may表示目的

  Eg:Youmustgotobedearlysothatyoucan/maycatchthetrain.

  7.表示让步

  Eg:Howeverhardhemaytry,hecannotgetthefirstplace.

  三、must

  1.表示义务意为“必须”(主观意志)

  Eg:Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.

  Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.

  -Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?

  -No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.

  2.肯定推测(绝对不能用于否定推测!否定推测用can’t/couldn’t)

  Eg:Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.

  She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.

  3.偏要做,偏偏

  Eg:WhymustrainonFriday?

  Mustyouspeaksoloudly?

  Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout!

  4.musthavedone想必准时一定做了某事,否定是can’t/couldn’thavedone

  5.didn’tneedtohavedone过去没有必要做,具体是否做不强调

  needn’thavedone本不必却做了

  四、shall

  1.在肯定句、否定句中表示命令、警告、威胁、许诺以及法律、规定、规章制度

  Eg:Youshallleavetheroomatonce,andheshall,too.

  Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.

  -whencanIgetmycomputerback?

  -Well,youshallhaveitonSaturday.

2020-12-27 04:23:58

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