阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions．Ithastodecidewhich

　　阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions．Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating．andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway．Theanimalisinfactplayingaverydangerousgamewithitsenvironmentagameinwhichitmustmakedecisions—amatteroflifeordeath．

　　Animals'abilitytoactreasonablyisbelievedtocomepartlyfromwhatwemaycall“genetic（遗传性的）learning”whichisdifferentfromtheindividual（个体的）learningthatananimaldoesinthecourseofitsownlifetime．Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesanimalsofthesamekind—asawholeanditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentoactintherightway．Howevertheroleofgeneticlearningdependsuponhowsimilarthefutureenvironmentistothepast．Themoreimportantindividualexperienceislikelytobethelessimportantisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame．Becausemostanimalsliveineverchangingenvironmentsfromonegenerationtothenextitisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning．

　　Inthegreatmajorityofanimalstheirparticularwaysofactinginanewenvironmentareacompound（复合体）ofindividualexperienceaddedtotheactionpatternsanimalsarebornwith．Thatiswhyanimalscansurvive．

　　(1)

　　Theanimal'slifewillcometoanend________

　　[]A．

　　iftheanimalmakesawrongdecision

　　B．

　　iftheanimalplaysadangerousgame

　　C．

　　whentheanimalattacksitsenemy

　　D．

　　whentheanimalrunstooslowly

　　(2)

　　Veryfewspeciesdependentirelyongeneticlearni