阅读理解LanguageasaSystemofSymbolsofallsystemsofsymbols(符号)languageisthemosthighlydeveloped．Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeingsbyagreementcanmakeanythingstand

　　阅读理解

　　LanguageasaSystemofSymbolsofallsystemsofsymbols(符号)languageisthemosthighlydeveloped．Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeingsbyagreementcanmakeanythingstandforanything．Humanbeingshaveagreedinthecourseofcenturiesofmutual(相互的)dependencytoletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproducewiththeirlungsthroatstonguesteethandlipssystematicallystandforcertainhappeningsintheirnervoussystems．Wecallthatsystemofagreementslanguage．

　　Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor．Justassocialpositionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornontheheadbygoldonthewatchchainorbyathousandotherthingsaccordingtothecultureweliveinsothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein．

　　Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglancetheyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject．Symbolsandthethingstheystandforareindependentofeachotheryetweallhaveawayoffeelingasifandsometimesactingasiftherewerenecessaryconnections．Forexampletherearepeoplewhofeelthatforeignlanguagesareunreasonablebynature：foreignershavesuchfunnynamesforthingsandwhycan’ttheycallthingsbytheirrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswhoseemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofanycountryunderstandEnglishiftheyshoutloudenough．Likethelittleboywhoisreportedtohavesaid：“Pigsarecalledpigsbecausetheyaresuchdirtyanimals”theyfeelthesymbolisinherently(内在地)connectedinsomewaywiththethingssymbolized．

　　(1)

　　Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehumanbeings_________．

　　[]A．

　　havemadeuseoflanguageforcenturies

　　B．

　　useournervous