CanadaisacountryoccupyingmostofnorthernNorthAmerica,extendingfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOcean.Itistheworld'ssecondlargestcountrybytotalarea,andshareslandborderswiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwest.

　　Aboriginalpeopleshavelivedonthelandsforalongtime.Beginninginthelate15thcentury,BritishandFrenchexpeditionstraveledtoandlatersettledtheAtlanticcoast.FrancegaveupnearlyallofitscoloniesinNorthAmericain1763aftertheSevenYearsWar.In1867,withtheunionofthreeBritishNorthAmericancoloniesthroughConfederation,Canadawasformedasafederaldominionoffourprovinces.

　　ThisbegananexpansionofadditionalprovincesandterritoriesandaprocessofincreasingautonomyfromtheUnitedKingdom,highlightedbytheStatuteofWestminsterin1931andculminatingintheCanadaActin1982whichbrokeawayfromthelegaldependenceontheBritishparliament.

　　Afederationnowcomprising10provincesandthreeterritories,Canadaisaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchy,withQueenElizabethIIasitsheadofstate.Itisabilingualandmulticulturalcountry,withbothEnglishandFrenchasofficiallanguagesatthefederallevel.Technologicallyadvancedandindustrialized,Canadahasaneconomythatisheavilydependentuponitsrichnaturalresourcesandupontrade—particularlywiththeUnitedStates,withwhichCanadahasalongandcomplexrelationship.

　　aboriginal

　　土著

　　expedition

　　远征

　　colony

　　殖民地

　　statute

　　条例

　　territory

　　领土

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　　Canadaistheworld'ssecondbiggestcountry.OnlyRussiaisbiggerthanCanada.

　　CanadaisinNorthAmerica.WinteristhelongestseasoninCanada.Insomeitplaces,itlastsfromthemiddleofNovembertothemiddleofMarch.SnowcoversmuchofCanadafromNovembertoApril.Peoplecanskiinmanyplace.SpringbeginsinthemiddleofMarchandendsinthemiddleofMay.Summerislongerthanspring.Itlastsforaboutfourmonthsinthesouth,frommid-Maytomid-September.Itisawarmseason.AutumnlastfromSeptembertoNovember.InOctober,theleavesbegintoturnred.Theyarevery,verybeautiful.