Ifyouwanttohelpchildrendeveloplanguageandspeechskills，UCLAresearcherssay，listeningtowhattheyhavetosayisjustasimportantastalkingtothem．Theeffectofaconversationbetweenachildandanadultisaboutsixtimesasg

　　Ifyouwanttohelpchildrendeveloplanguageandspeechskills，UCLAresearcherssay，listeningtowhattheyhavetosayisjustasimportantastalkingtothem．

　　Theeffectofaconversationbetweenachildandanadultisaboutsixtimesasgreatastheeffectofadultspeechinputalone，theresearchersfound．"Adultsspeakingtochildrenhelpslanguagedevelop，butwhatmattersmuchmoreistheinteraction，"saidthestudy'sleadauthor，FrederickZimmerman，anassociateprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles．TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewingdidn'thavemuchofaneffect-positivelyornegatively-aslongasitwasn'tdisplacingconversationsbetweenanadultandachild．

　　TheUCLAstudyincluded275familieswithchildrenbetween2monthsand48monthsold．Theyrepresentedavarietyofincomesandeducation．Theresearchersfoundthat，inanaverageday，childrenheardabout13，000spokenwordsfromadultsandparticipatedinabout400adult-childconversationsaday．

　　Assessedseparately，factorspositivelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopmentincludedeachadditional100conversationsadayandeach1，000wordincreaseinthenumberofwordsspokenbyadultsandheardbychildren．Whenlookedatalone，TVwasnegativelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopment．But，whenthethreefactorswereanalyzedtogether，theonlyonethatstoodoutwasconversationbetweenadultsandchildren．

　　"Themoreachildspeaksandinteractswithanadult，thebetterideaaparenthasaboutwherethechildis，"Zimmermansaid．"Althoughit'smostlydoneunconsciously，parentswillprovidefeedbackandcorrectmistakes．They'llalsotailortheirspeechtothechild．Parentscangiveachildwordsbytalkingtothemaboutwhatthey'redoing，suchas，‘I'mputtingonyourpajamasnow'．Butgiveyourchildtheopportunitytotalk，hopefullywithouttherestofthenoiseintheenvironment，"sheadded．"Ifparentscancarveoutsomeconversationtime-maybeatbathtimeoratdinnertime-that'sawonderfulthing．"

　　56．TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewing___．

　　A．couldhaveapositiveeffectonachild'slanguagedevelopment

　　B．hadalittleeffectonachild'slanguagedeve