【谁能给个科学家简介(INENGLISH)】-查字典问答网
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  【谁能给个科学家简介(INENGLISH)】

  谁能给个科学家简介(INENGLISH)

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2019-11-27 17:09
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  IsaccNewton

  Towardtheendofthe1600sNewtonpickeduponDescartes'theoriesofmotionandcompletedthemechanisticvisionoftheuniversethathehadlaidout.InhisPrincipia(1687)hesothoroughlypulledthemechanisticvisiontogetherthatitbecamethesinglemostimportantfoundationpieceforthemodernworld-view.

  He"demonstrated"thatallthingswithintheuniversearemadeupofminutebitsofmatterwhichareheldtogetherintheirshapeandmovementthroughtheforceofnaturalattractionorgravity(thegravitationalattractionoftwobodiesisequaltotheproductoftheirmassdividedbythesquareofthedistancebetweenthem).Thistheoryexplainedquitefullyeverythingfromthemovementoftheplanetsthroughtheskies,tothemovementsofthetides,tothevelocityoffallingobjects--andmore.

  Justasimportantly--thecompletenessofthetheoryleftnopossibilityofseeingcreationasa"living"thing.Creationwaswithoutlifeofitsown;itwasinsteadmere"matter"respondingmechanicallytoasetoffixedmathematicallaws.

  Nonetheless,Newtonthoughtofhimselfasbeingreligiouslyquitedevout.Histheoryoftheuniverse--sohethought--wasintendedasapowerfultributetotheGrandArchitectwhodesignedsuchawonderfullycomplexyetbeautifulcreation.

  However,NewtondepictedGodinsuchawaythatGodactuallylost"personality"andtherealmofsovereignaction.Godwasleftaroleinnaturelargelyas"FirstMover"withnofurthersignificantinterventioninlife.Godnearlybecameidentifiedwiththeeternityorinfinityoftheuniverse.

  ThomasEdison'sLife

  ThomasAlvaEdisonwasbornin1847inMilan,Ohio.Atthattime,JamesPolkwasPresidentandAbrahamLincolnwasjustcontemplatingrunningforthelegislature.WhenEdisondiedin1931,attheageof84,HerbertHooverwasPresidentandwewereinthemiddleoftheGreatDepression.DuringhislifetimeEdisonsawtheUnitedStatesengagedintwomajorwars:theCivilWarwhenhewasateenager,andWorldWarIwhenhewasanadultandappointedtoassisttheSecretaryoftheNavy.Hisinventionshadasignificanteffectuponhistimesandpermanentlyalteredthewayinwhichwelivetoday.Canyouimaginelifewithouttheelectriclight?Thephonographandallofitsimprovements?Themotionpicture?

  Attheageof12,Edisonbeganworkasa"candybutcher"aboardtheGrandTrunkRailroad'scommuterlinebetweenPortHuron,Michigan,wherewelivedwithhisparents,andDetroit.Hesoldnewspapers,fruitandcandytothepassengers.ThetrainleftPortHuronabout7:00inthemorningandreturnedat9:00or9:30atnight.ThetripincludedasixhourlayoverinDetroit,duringwhichtimeheclaimstohaveread"theentirepubliclibrary."Hewasanomnivorousreaderandlovedtoexperimentwithchemicalsandmachinery.Heconstantlywantedtoinvestigatehowthingsworkedandlikedtoseeifhecouldmakethingsbetter.Onthetrainhewasallowedatableinanemptybaggagecaronwhichtowork.Heevenbroughtabrokenprintingpress,repaireditandtaughthimselftoprint.Hemayhaveproducedthefirstnewspaperprintedonamovingtrain.Edisonbegannoticingalossofhearingaroundthistime,whichincreasedthroughouthislife.

  Atthattime,telegraphlinesoftenranparalleltotherailroadtracks,andmanyofthestationmastersweretelegraphoperators.Edisonwasstruckbytheimportanceoftelegraphyincommunicatio

2019-11-27 17:11:59

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