【谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureabout500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou】
谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture
about500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou
【谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureabout500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou】
谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture
about500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou
悬赏分只有20..相信没有什么人会帮你原创一篇吧..
LanguageandCulture
Therearemanywaysinwhichthephenomenaoflanguageandcultureareintimatelyrelated.Bothphenomenaareuniquetohumansandhavethereforebeenthesubjectofagreatdealofanthropological,sociological,andevenmemeticstudy.Language,ofcourse,isdeterminedbyculture,thoughtheextenttowhichthisistrueisnowunderdebate.Theconverseisalsotruetosomedegree:cultureisdeterminedbylanguage-orrather,bythereplicatorsthatcreatedboth,memes.
Earlyanthropologists,followingthetheorythatwordsdeterminethought,believedthatlanguageanditsstructurewereentirelydependentontheculturalcontextinwhichtheyexisted.ThiswasalogicalextensionofwhatistermedtheStandardSocialScienceModel,whichviewsthehumanmindasanindefinitelymalleablestructurecapableofabsorbinganysortofculturewithoutconstraintsfromgeneticorneurologicalfactors.
Inthisvein,anthropologistVerneRayconductedastudyinthe1950's,givingcolorsamplestodifferentAmericanIndiantribesandaskingthemtogivethenamesofthecolors.Heconcludedthatthespectrumweseeas"green","yellow",etc.wasanentirelyarbitrarydivision,andeachculturedividedthespectrumseparately.Accordingtothishypothesis,thedivisionsseenbetweencolorsareaconsequenceofthelanguagewelearn,anddonotcorrespondtodivisionsinthenaturalworld.AsimilarhypothesisisupheldintheextremelypopularmemeofEskimowordsforsnow-commonstoriesvaryfromfiftytoupwardsoftwohundred.
Extremeculturalrelativismofthistypehasnowbeenclearlyrefuted.Eskimosuseatmosttwelvedifferentwordsforsnow,whichisnotmanymorethanEnglishspeakersandshouldbeexpectedsincetheyexistinacoldclimate.Thecolor-relativityhypothesishasnowbeencompletelydebunkedbymorecareful,thorough,andsystematicstudieswhichshowaremarkablesimilaritybetweenthewaysinwhichdifferentculturesdividethespectrum.
Ofcourse,therearewaysinwhichculturereallydoesdeterminelanguage,oratleastcertainfacetsthereof.Obviously,theancientRomansdidnothavewordsforradios,televisions,orcomputersbecausetheseitemsweresimplynotpartoftheirculturalcontext.Inthesamevein,uncivilizedtribeslivinginEuropeinthetimeoftheRomansdidnothavewordsfortribunes,praetors,oranyothertrappingofRomangovernmentbecauseRomanlawwasnotpartoftheirculture.
Ourculturedoes,sometimes,restrictwhatwecanthinkaboutefficientlyinourownlanguage.Forexample,somelanguageshaveonlythreecolortermsequivalenttoblack,white,andred;anativespeakerofthislanguagewouldhaveadifficulttimeexpressingtheconceptof"purple"efficiently.Somelanguagesarealsomoreexpressiveaboutcertaintopics.Forexample,itiscommonlyacknowledgedthatYiddishisalinguisticchampion,withanamazingnumberofwordsreferringtothesimpleminded.(TheLanguageInstinctbyStevenPinker,p.260.)
CultureandLanguage-UnitedbyMemes
AccordingtothememetictheoristSusanBlackmore,languagedevelopedasaresultofmemeticevolutionandisanexampleofmemesprovidingaselectionpressureongenesthemselves.(FormoreonBlackmore'stheoryvisitTheEvolutionofLanguage.)Thedefinitionofacultureinmemetictheoryisanaggregateofmanydifferentmemesetso