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  【谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureabout500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou】

  谁能帮我写一下Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

  about500words,talkaboutitfromthepiontoflinguistics,thankyou

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2020-01-08 19:47
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霍丹群

  悬赏分只有20..相信没有什么人会帮你原创一篇吧..

  LanguageandCulture

  Therearemanywaysinwhichthephenomenaoflanguageandcultureareintimatelyrelated.Bothphenomenaareuniquetohumansandhavethereforebeenthesubjectofagreatdealofanthropological,sociological,andevenmemeticstudy.Language,ofcourse,isdeterminedbyculture,thoughtheextenttowhichthisistrueisnowunderdebate.Theconverseisalsotruetosomedegree:cultureisdeterminedbylanguage-orrather,bythereplicatorsthatcreatedboth,memes.

  Earlyanthropologists,followingthetheorythatwordsdeterminethought,believedthatlanguageanditsstructurewereentirelydependentontheculturalcontextinwhichtheyexisted.ThiswasalogicalextensionofwhatistermedtheStandardSocialScienceModel,whichviewsthehumanmindasanindefinitelymalleablestructurecapableofabsorbinganysortofculturewithoutconstraintsfromgeneticorneurologicalfactors.

  Inthisvein,anthropologistVerneRayconductedastudyinthe1950's,givingcolorsamplestodifferentAmericanIndiantribesandaskingthemtogivethenamesofthecolors.Heconcludedthatthespectrumweseeas"green","yellow",etc.wasanentirelyarbitrarydivision,andeachculturedividedthespectrumseparately.Accordingtothishypothesis,thedivisionsseenbetweencolorsareaconsequenceofthelanguagewelearn,anddonotcorrespondtodivisionsinthenaturalworld.AsimilarhypothesisisupheldintheextremelypopularmemeofEskimowordsforsnow-commonstoriesvaryfromfiftytoupwardsoftwohundred.

  Extremeculturalrelativismofthistypehasnowbeenclearlyrefuted.Eskimosuseatmosttwelvedifferentwordsforsnow,whichisnotmanymorethanEnglishspeakersandshouldbeexpectedsincetheyexistinacoldclimate.Thecolor-relativityhypothesishasnowbeencompletelydebunkedbymorecareful,thorough,andsystematicstudieswhichshowaremarkablesimilaritybetweenthewaysinwhichdifferentculturesdividethespectrum.

  Ofcourse,therearewaysinwhichculturereallydoesdeterminelanguage,oratleastcertainfacetsthereof.Obviously,theancientRomansdidnothavewordsforradios,televisions,orcomputersbecausetheseitemsweresimplynotpartoftheirculturalcontext.Inthesamevein,uncivilizedtribeslivinginEuropeinthetimeoftheRomansdidnothavewordsfortribunes,praetors,oranyothertrappingofRomangovernmentbecauseRomanlawwasnotpartoftheirculture.

  Ourculturedoes,sometimes,restrictwhatwecanthinkaboutefficientlyinourownlanguage.Forexample,somelanguageshaveonlythreecolortermsequivalenttoblack,white,andred;anativespeakerofthislanguagewouldhaveadifficulttimeexpressingtheconceptof"purple"efficiently.Somelanguagesarealsomoreexpressiveaboutcertaintopics.Forexample,itiscommonlyacknowledgedthatYiddishisalinguisticchampion,withanamazingnumberofwordsreferringtothesimpleminded.(TheLanguageInstinctbyStevenPinker,p.260.)

  CultureandLanguage-UnitedbyMemes

  AccordingtothememetictheoristSusanBlackmore,languagedevelopedasaresultofmemeticevolutionandisanexampleofmemesprovidingaselectionpressureongenesthemselves.(FormoreonBlackmore'stheoryvisitTheEvolutionofLanguage.)Thedefinitionofacultureinmemetictheoryisanaggregateofmanydifferentmemesetso

2020-01-08 19:48:48

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