先行词指物的特殊情况:
一.必须用that的情况:
1.先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时,
eg.ThisisthefirstjobthatIhavetakenup.
ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.
2.先行词是不定代词,somethingsomebodynothinganything等或是alllittlemuch时,
eg.ThereissomethingthatIwanttotellyou.
3.先行词被all/any/every/each/few/little/no/some/much/only/none/both/either/neither等修饰时,
eg.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.
4.先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery…修饰时,
eg.Thisistheonlymethodwecanuse.
5.先行词又有人又有物时,
eg.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyknowintheschool.
6.主句以who或which开头时,
eg.Whoistheoldmanthatspeaktoyoujustnow
二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1,引导非限制性定语从句时.例如:
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.竹子是空心的,这使得他很轻.
2,当关系词前有介词时.例如:
ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方.
3,在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.例如:
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说.
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时.例如:
HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书.
5、先行词为that时.例如:
Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.钟是报时的装置.
三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时.如:
ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋,工作出色的人.
2、在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用who关系代词指代人.例如:
There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.有位先生想见你.
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时.例如:
Imetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoon
whocouldspeakChineseverywell.昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人.
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复.例如:
Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长.
四.先行词为thereason时,分析后面的定语从句,如果定语从句缺乏主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系代词that/which,做宾语可以省略;如果从句完整,不缺主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系副词why.
例如:1.Idon'tbelievethereason______yougiveme.
2.Idon'tknowthereason________heislate.
分析:例1定语从句是______yougiveme,give为及物动词,缺宾语,所以要填关系代词that/which/省略;例2定语从句为________heislate,从句完整,填关系副词why.
掌握一个句型:thereasonwhy~isthat~
例如:Thereasonwhyheislateisthathegotuplate.因为whyheislate是定语从句,thathegotuplate是表语从句.