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  【I()mymother()thisgame.adon‘tthinklikesbthinkdoesn’tlike应该选哪个?】

  I()mymother()thisgame.adon‘tthinklikesbthinkdoesn’tlike应该选哪个?

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2020-01-26 15:42
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汪钱纯

  adon‘tthink,likes

  我认为我妈不喜欢这个游戏

  在学英语的过程中,学生常将这样的句子"我认为这不是个好主意."译为"Ithinkitisn'tagoodidea."而将这句英语译成汉语时,学生又会译为"我不认为这是个好主意."老师又会说译错了,这不符合"Idon'tthink..."句型,应译为"ldon'tthinkit'sagoodidea."

  那么,这错误的根源究竟在哪里?这就是“英语的否定转移”在作怪.否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见,它是将语义上属于从属分句(一般为thatclause)的否定词转移到母句中去.允许否定转移的母句动词在语义上可分为以下两组:

  1.看法(OPINION):anticipate,besupposedto,believe,calculate,expect,figure(infml,AmE),imagine,reckon(infml,esp,inAmE),suppose,think:

  Eg.Idon'tbelieveI'vemetyoubefore.

  ("IbelieveIhaven'tmetyoubefore.")

  Eg.Shedidn'timaginethatwewouldsayanything.

  ("Sheimaginedwewouldn'tsayanything.")

  Eg.Hedidn'texpecttowin.

  ("Heexpectednottowin.")

  2.感觉(PERCEPTION)appear,seem,feelasif,lookasif,soundasif(后三个动词也作infml,esp,inAmE,其中用like来代替asif):

  Eg.Itdoesn'tseemthatwecangetourmoneyback.

  "Itseemsthatwecan'tgetourmoneyback."

  Eg.Thebabydoesn'tappeartobeawake.

  ("Thebabyappearsnottobeawake.")

  Eg.Itdoesn'tlooklikeit'sgoingtorain.

  ("Itlookslikeitisn'tgoingtorain.")

  否定的转移是一种含糊的现象.对于否定词位置不同的两个句子,意思是否相同,或者在多大程度上相同的问题,各人的直觉可能是不同的.但在以下特殊情况下,原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移:

  1.Ithink是插入句,可看作与其他部分无关:

  Iwishyouwerehere,thenIthinkIshouldnotfeellikethis.

  2.母句中添加情态动词can'tmustn'twouldn't时:

  Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.

  Youmustn'tthinkhe'sstupid.

  Iwouldn'thaveimaginedthatSandrawouldbehere.

  3.由于cannothelpdoing,oughtnot,neednot,notatall等短语的关系而把Ithink隔离.

  Ishouldhavethoughtsometimesyoucouldn'thelpthinkingofthepast.

  Ithinkyououghtnottowalkatnightalone,Mrs.Moore.

  Ithinkyouneednotbeimpolitetoher,aswellastoherson.

  "Ithinktheangelarenotatallinheaven."Mr.Esmondsaid."

  4.由于notjust...but,justnot...enough,notmuch,notquite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响,也不便把否定拿到动词的前面去:

  IthinkI'mjustnotsmartenoughtomakeanysenseoutofforyou.

  "Youthinkshe'snotmuchlikeyou?Breraldasked.

  ButIthinkthatElizabethwasnotquitesocertainofitasI.

  句中含有no,never,nothing,nobody等的不定词时:

  Ishouldthinkyouneverhaveseenmany.

  Ithoughtitexplainednothing.

2020-01-26 15:46:14

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