单句与复合句

　　从句与主句共同组成的句子被叫做复合句.按照从句与主句的关系,从句主要分为名词性从句,它在句子中起名词的作用即作主语,宾语；形容词性从句,它在句子中起形容词的作用,用来修饰名词,代词或全句；还有状语从句,它主要在句子中充当副词的作用,它有时间,地点,原因,条件,结果,目的,方式,比较,让步等状语从句.

　　1?语法辨析

　　Incorrect:Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish?

　　Correct:Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish

　　?定语从句又叫做形容词性从句,它在句中起修饰名词或全句的作用.它一般紧挨着他所修饰的名词出现,这个名词被叫做先行词.而引导定语从句的词有两种,其一关系代词：who,that(可指人或物),which(只指物),whom,whose；其二是关系副词：when,where,why.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,它的数取决于它所修饰的先行词.

　　Incorrect:WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar?

　　Correct:Wetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduring

　　theSecondWorldWar?

　　?因此句定语从句修饰的是两个先行词,其一是things指物；其二是people指人.关系代词中who指人,which指物,所以都不可能用.只能用that指人又指物.

　　Incorrect:Thebike,thatmyfatherboughtyesterdaywasstolen?

　　Correct:Thebike,whichmyfatherboughtyesterdaywasstolen?

　　?当先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开后,也就是讲有无这个修饰语对句子意思的表达无直接影响,这样的句子被称为非限制性定语从句.引导非限制性定语从句的关连词不可用that,其他的关系代词who,which,whose,和关系副词where,why,when都可以使用.?

　　Incorrect:TheradiowhichIboughtityesterdayisverygood?

　　Correct:TheradiowhichIboughtyesterdayisverygood?

　　Correct:TheradioIboughtyesterdayisverygood?

　　?关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,虽然被放于句首,或省略,但它的语法成份仍被保留着.这时如再加宾语it,则是重复使用宾语了.?

　　Incorrect:ThestudentIwanttolearnfromisonewhichstudieshardandworkswell?

　　Correct:ThestudentIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell?

　　?which只能指物,不能代人,而且在先行词是人的情况下,如：one,ones,anyone,those时多用who而不要用that.?

　　Incorrect:Thestudentwhowaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandstudiesveryhard?

　　Correct:Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandstudiesveryhard?

　　?当一句中出现两个修饰人的定语从句时,不宜两个引导词用相同的关系代词.

　　Incorrect:Atthattimeherhusbandlefthisworkinthathehadbeenverysuccessfulandjoinedwithherwork?

　　Correct:Atthattimeherhusbandlefthisworkinwhichhehadbeenverysuccessfulandjoinedwithherwork?

　　?在指物时,如果是紧跟在介词后面作介词宾语时,不能用that而只能用which.但如果介词放于句尾,这时关系代词在句首则可以用that,如：?ThisisthedictionarythatIamlookingfor

　　Incorrect:Weshoulddoallwhichisusefultothepeople?

　　Correct:Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople?

　　?当先行词是指物时,先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时,不要用which,而要用that作关系代词.?

　　Incorrect:Theonlythingwhichwecoulddowastoaskthepoliceforhelp?

　　Correct:Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastoaskthepoliceforhelp?

　　?当先行词是由only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,very等词修饰时,要用that作关系代词,而不要用which.?

　　Incorrect:ItisthefirstAmericanfilmofthiskindwhichI'veeverseen?

　　Correct:ItisthefirstAmericanfilmofthiskindthatI'veeverseen?

　　?当先行词是序数词,或由序数词修饰时,或是形容词最高级,或由形容词最高级来修饰时,其关系代词要用that而不要用which.?

　　Incorrect:Themuseumwhichmyfatherworkedisoftenvisitedbyforeigners?

　　Correct:Themuseumwheremyfatherworkedisoftenvisitedbyforeigners?

　　?用关系代词,还是用关系副词,关键要看它在定语从句中的语法作用,在myfatherworked中work是不及物动词,不要求宾语,所以只能用关系副