方式副词和行为副词的区别是什么?
方式副词和行为副词的区别是什么?
方式副词和行为副词的区别是什么?
方式副词和行为副词的区别是什么?
副词的构成
副词是用来表示动作的特征和状态的特征,它可以修饰动词、形容词、句子和其它的副
词.副词大多数是由形容词加-ly构成的,具体情况如下:
1.一般规律:在形容词的词尾后直接加-ly,如:warm—warmly,quick—quickly.
这种情况适用于以下几种词尾的形容词:
(1)以“辅音+-e”结尾的,如:nice—nicely,wise—wisely
(2)以“元音+-le”结尾的,如:sole—solely,pale—palely
例外:whole—wholly
(3)以“元音+-l”结尾的,如:careful—carefully,oral—orally
例外:full——fully
2.其它以-e结尾的形容词
(1)以“辅音+-le”结尾的:去掉-e然后只加-y,如:able—ably,comfortable—
comfortably
(2)以“元音+-e”结尾的:去掉-e然后加-ly,如:due—duly,true—truly
3.以-y结尾的:把-y变成-i,然后加-ly,如:pretty—prettily,happy—happily,dry
—
drily
例外:shy—shyly,sly—slyly
4.以-ic结尾的:在词尾加-ally,如:ethnic—ethnically,cryptic—cryptically
例外:public—publicly
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副词的种类
根据意义和句法功能,副词主要分为以下几种:
1.方式副词:well,fast,carefully,frankly,badly,daringly,etc.
2.地点副词:here,there,forwards,abroad,east,in,etc.
3.时间副词:tomorrow,now,today,then,yesterday,tonight,etc.
4.焦点副词:just,exactly,purely,especially,mainly,neither,etc.
5.强化副词:much,enough,completely,terribly,too,almost,etc.
6.句子副词:honestly,seriously,really,probably,naturally,oddly,etc.
7.连接副词:first,secondly,anyway,next,equally,similarly,etc.
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副词的位置
1.时间副词
(1)now的位置
NowMaryisveryhappy.(首位)
Maryisnowveryhappy.(中位)
Maryisveryhappynow.(末位)
(2)never的位置
Jackneverwentabroad.(在表意动词前)
Jackhasneverbeenabroad.(在第一个助动词后)
Jackisneverathomethesedays.(在系动词后)
never属中位副词,常见的还有:always,already,frequently,often,usually,sometimes等.
要注意的是,never放在首位时,主语和谓语动词要倒装;often被quite或very修饰时,可
放在末位或首位.如:
NeverhasJackbeenabroad.
We’vebeentherequiteoften.
VeryoftenitrainshereinApril.
(3)其它常见的时间副词的位置
Tomiscomingtomorrow.(首位或末位)
Theplanearrivedlate.(一般末位)
Marystilldislikesdancing.(中位,常用于肯定句.)
Bobhasn’tfinishedityet.(一般末位,和否定或疑问句连用.)
Theyhavejustbegun.(中位,常和完成体连用.)
另外,还有today,eventually,afterwards等可放在首位或末位;recently,soon等常放在中
位.
2.地点副词和方式副词一般放在末位
Childrenareplayingoutside.
Bobdroveverycarefully.
TomspeaksFrenchwell.
3.程度副词的位置
Thiscaseisn’ttooheavy.
Youknowherquitewell.
Tomdidn’trunquicklyenough.
象too,quite等程度副词,总是放在它所修饰的形容词、副词之前.但enough要放在它
所修饰的形容词、副词之后.
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多个副词的顺序
多个副词放在一起时,可以依据以下顺序:
程度→状态→地点→时间
Theyplayedfairlywellthereyesterday.
这种词序有可能变动,如下句的时间副词yesterday可放在句首.
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副词的比较