[编辑本段]介词和关系代词

　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.

　　2）that前不能有介词.

　　3）某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

　　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

　　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

　　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

　　Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

　　Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

　　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导

　　(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

　　=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

　　(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

　　=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

　　(3)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

　　=We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

　　注意：

　　1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等

　　TThisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T＝正确)

　　FThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F＝错误)

　　2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

　　(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

　　Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)

　　(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

　　TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

　　3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

　　(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

　　(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

　　(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

　　关系代词

　　关系代词（一般情况下）that可用who,whom和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语.

　　which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语；

　　who在从句中作主语；

　　whom在从句中宾语；

　　where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语；

　　when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语；

　　why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"

　　有时why也可用for+which代替.

　　例：Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.

　　_________________________________

　　主语谓语先行词从句

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　　定语从句修饰先行词

　　判断介词和关系代词

　　方法一：用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如：

　　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

　　I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.

　　判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）

　　（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

　　（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

　　（对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

　　（对）I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.

　　方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?

　　A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

　　例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?

　　A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：

　　例1D,例2A

　　例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhib