一.定语从句的功用和结构

　　在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如：

　　Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

　　Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

　　IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

　　ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

　　二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

　　关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语.

　　1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.

　　Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

　　ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

　　2.作宾语：

　　SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

　　Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.

　　3.作定语

　　关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用.

　　What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

　　Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

　　4.作状语

　　I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

　　ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

　　三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

　　1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语.

　　Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

　　Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

　　2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语.

　　Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?

　　MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

　　3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语.

　　Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

　　Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

　　4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语.

　　Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

　　Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

　　5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.

　　I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

　　Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

　　6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语.

　　I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

　　HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

　　7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语.

　　Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

　　Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

　　四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,

　　Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.

　　=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

　　五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

　　1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：

　　(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时.

　　Allthathesaidistrue.

　　(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.

　　Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

　　(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.

　　Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

　　(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.

　　Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

　　(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时.

　　Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

　　2.只能用which,不用that的情况：

　　(1)在非限制性定语从中.

　　Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

　　(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.

　　Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

　　希望对你有用!