介词搭配引导词来引导定语从句它出现的情况
介词搭配引导词来引导定语从句它出现的情况
介词搭配引导词来引导定语从句它出现的情况
介词搭配引导词来引导定语从句它出现的情况
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分.
注:A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.
(1)Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.
(2)ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.
B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后.
Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson..关系代词放在介词之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确.)从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响.)与主句关系密切,不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句:
○1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇.
○2.Tomdidn’tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气.
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容.但有两点不同之处:
1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面.“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致.如:1.Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.2.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.3.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.
4.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,
如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词.如:
1.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone) HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers) 2.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone) Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)