【BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,】
BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释
要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,
【BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,】
BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释
要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,
Bodylanguageisabroadtermforformsofcommunicationusingbodymovementsorgesturesinsteadof,orinadditionto,sounds,verballanguage,orotherformsofcommunication.Itformspartofthecategoryofparalanguage,whichdescribesallformsofhumancommunicationthatarenotverballanguage.
Therelationofbodylanguagetoanimalcommunicationhasoftenbeendiscussed.Humanparalanguagemayrepresentacontinuationofformsofcommunicationthatournon-linguisticancestorsalreadyused,oritmaybethatithasbeenchangedbyco-existingwithlanguage.Somespeciesofanimalsareespeciallyadeptatdetectinghumanbodylanguage,bothvoluntaryandinvoluntary:thisisthebasisoftheCleverHanseffect(asourceofartifactincomparativepsychology),andwasalsothereasonfortryingtoteachthechimpanzeeWashoeAmericanSignLanguageratherthanspeech—andperhapsthereasonwhytheWashoeprojectwasmoresuccessfulthansomepreviouseffortstoteachapeshowtodance.
Nonverbalcommunication(NVC)isusuallyunderstoodastheprocessofsendingandreceivingwordlessmessages.Suchmessagescanbecommunicatedthroughgesture;bodylanguageorposture;facialexpressionandeyegaze;objectcommunicationsuchasclothing,hairstylesorevenarchitecture;symbolsandinfographics;prosodicfeaturesofspeechsuchasintonationandstressandotherparalinguisticfeaturesofspeechsuchasvoicequality,emotionandspeakingstyle.
ThefirstscientificstudyofnonverbalcommunicationwasCharlesDarwin'sbookTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals(1872).Hearguedthatallmammalsshowemotionreliablyintheirfaces.Studiesnowrangeacrossanumberoffields,includingkinesics,linguistics,semioticsandsocialpsychology.Proxemicsreferstohowpeopleuseandinterpretspace.
Whilemuchnonverbalcommunicationisbasedonarbitrarysymbolswhichdifferfromculturetoculture,alargeproportionisalsotosomeextenticonicandmaybeuniversallyunderstood.PaulEkman'sinfluential1960sstudiesoffacialexpressiondeterminedthatexpressionsofanger,disgust,fear,joy,sadnessandsurpriseareuniversal.