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  【BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,】

  BodyLanguage和NonverbalCommunication名词解释

  要这两个短语的详细的英文名词解释,每个短语的解释最少200个单词,

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2020-02-16 22:27
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  Bodylanguageisabroadtermforformsofcommunicationusingbodymovementsorgesturesinsteadof,orinadditionto,sounds,verballanguage,orotherformsofcommunication.Itformspartofthecategoryofparalanguage,whichdescribesallformsofhumancommunicationthatarenotverballanguage.

  Therelationofbodylanguagetoanimalcommunicationhasoftenbeendiscussed.Humanparalanguagemayrepresentacontinuationofformsofcommunicationthatournon-linguisticancestorsalreadyused,oritmaybethatithasbeenchangedbyco-existingwithlanguage.Somespeciesofanimalsareespeciallyadeptatdetectinghumanbodylanguage,bothvoluntaryandinvoluntary:thisisthebasisoftheCleverHanseffect(asourceofartifactincomparativepsychology),andwasalsothereasonfortryingtoteachthechimpanzeeWashoeAmericanSignLanguageratherthanspeech—andperhapsthereasonwhytheWashoeprojectwasmoresuccessfulthansomepreviouseffortstoteachapeshowtodance.

  Nonverbalcommunication(NVC)isusuallyunderstoodastheprocessofsendingandreceivingwordlessmessages.Suchmessagescanbecommunicatedthroughgesture;bodylanguageorposture;facialexpressionandeyegaze;objectcommunicationsuchasclothing,hairstylesorevenarchitecture;symbolsandinfographics;prosodicfeaturesofspeechsuchasintonationandstressandotherparalinguisticfeaturesofspeechsuchasvoicequality,emotionandspeakingstyle.

  ThefirstscientificstudyofnonverbalcommunicationwasCharlesDarwin'sbookTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals(1872).Hearguedthatallmammalsshowemotionreliablyintheirfaces.Studiesnowrangeacrossanumberoffields,includingkinesics,linguistics,semioticsandsocialpsychology.Proxemicsreferstohowpeopleuseandinterpretspace.

  Whilemuchnonverbalcommunicationisbasedonarbitrarysymbolswhichdifferfromculturetoculture,alargeproportionisalsotosomeextenticonicandmaybeuniversallyunderstood.PaulEkman'sinfluential1960sstudiesoffacialexpressiondeterminedthatexpressionsofanger,disgust,fear,joy,sadnessandsurpriseareuniversal.

2020-02-16 22:32:18

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