Lesson33

　　Education

　　教育

　　Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.

　　听录音,然后回答以下问题.

　　Whyiseducationdemocraticinbookless,tribalsocieties?

　　Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstances,deprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom-whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

　　Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongtribalpeopleallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

　　Itistheidealconditionofthe'equalstart'whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno'illiterates'--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof'civilized'nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe'happyfew'duringthepastcenturies.

　　Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparent;thereforethejunglesandthesavannahsknowofno'juveniledelinquency'.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto'buy'aneducationforhischild.

　　JULIUSE.LIPSTheOriginofThings

　　Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语

　　adverse

　　adj.

　　purchasable

　　adj.可买到的

　　preacher

　　n.传教士

　　defendant

　　n.被告

　　outlook

　　n.视野

　　capacity

　　n.能力

　　democratic

　　adj.民主的

　　tribal

　　n.部落的

　　tribe

　　n.部落

　　illiterate

　　n.文盲

　　compulsory

　　adj.义务的

　　deem

　　v.认为

　　means

　　n.方法,手段,财产,资力

　　hamper

　　v.妨碍

　　savannah

　　n.大草原

　　juvenile

　　adj.青少年

　　delinquency

　　n.犯罪

　　参考译文

　　教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一.我们许多人都相信,一个没有受过教育的人,是逆境的牺牲品,被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一.现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性,对教育机构投资,收回的‘利息’便是培